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Module B Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Textual Integrity

A
  • Canonical status
  • Unity of ideas and form
  • Portrayal of universal themes
  • Critical engagement
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2
Q

Aesthetic and Imaginative Aspects

A
  • Squalid and uncomfortable imagery
  • Images of decay and fragmentation
  • Dull and lifeless milieu
  • Metaphorical representations of the world
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3
Q

Intertextuality

A
  • Prufrock: Epigraph of Dante’s Inferno suggests that modern world is an inescapable hell and is full of despair; Classical allusion to Michaelangelo; Allusion to Shakespeare’s Hamlet
  • Rhapsody: Inclusion of French lines from Jules Laforgue; Prostitute mimics siren from Dante’s Purgatorio
  • Hollow Men: Epigraph references Guy Fawkes and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness; Parody of Mulberry Bush nursery rhyme; Biblical allusions; Inclusion of fragmented Lord’s Prayer
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4
Q

Context

A
  • Modernist 20th century
  • Modernisation, urbanisation and technologisation of society
  • Shift from (and disintegration of) traditionalism, religion and Romanticism
  • Roaring 20s of rapid social and technological advancement
  • Lack of certainty and security
  • Post World War I dissillusionment
  • Nihilist and pessimistic worldviews
  • Modernist writing included ambiguity and fragmentation
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5
Q

Purpose

A
  • To find a new style of poetry for the modern era

- Communicate mundane nature of modern society

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6
Q

Form

A
  • Objective correlative: using events/objects/images to depict emotions and feelings
  • No consistent rhythm or rhyme scheme
  • Vers libre (freeverse)
  • Prufrock: dramatic monologue, stream of consciousness, inconsistent meter with iambic pentameter and couplets, inconsistent rhyme, cyclical structure through repeated couplets, haphazard punctuation
  • Preludes: short musical form, split into various interludes, lack of consistent rhyme, shifts between second and third person
  • Rhapsody: piece of irregular form in music, stream of consciousness, irregular poetic structure with cascades of memories
  • Hollow Men: quintipartite structure
  • Journey of the Magi: dramatic monologue, tripartite structure (journey, arrival, reflection), paratactic syntax (short sentences in succession), extended metaphor for Eliot’s conversion to Anglicanism
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7
Q

Audience and Significance

A
  • Confronting and evokative poetry
  • Resonates with all readers due to universal themes, despite different contexts
  • Original interpretation of modernity
  • Prufrock: orginally met with outrage
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8
Q

Alienation and Lack of Authentic Connections - Prufrock

“Streets …”

A

“Streets that follow like a tedious argument”

  • Simile
  • Parallels between urbanisation and human interaction
  • Degradation of relationships
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9
Q

Alienation and Lack of Authentic Connections - Prufrock

“In the room …”

A

“In the room the women come and go, talking of Michaelangelo”

  • Repetitive couplet
  • Cyclical structure
  • Classical allusion
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10
Q

Alienation and Lack of Authentic Connections - Prufrock

“[They …]”

A
  • “[They will say: How his hair is growing thin!]”
  • “[They will say: But how his arms and legs are thin!]”
  • Parentheses
  • Interruption of stream of consciousness
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11
Q

Alienation and Lack of Authentic Connections - Hollow Men

“We are …”

A

“We are the hollow men, we are the stuffed men”

  • First person inclusive pronouns
  • Paradox
  • Metaphor
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12
Q

Alienation and Lack of Authentic Connections - Hollow Men

“Our dried …”

A

“Our dried voices, when we whisper together are quiet and meaningless”

  • Metaphor
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13
Q

Alienation and Lack of Authentic Connections - Hollow Men

“We grope …”

A

“We grope together and avoid speech”

  • Metaphor
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14
Q

Alienation and Lack of Authentic Connections - Prufrock

“I do not …”

A

“I do not think that they will sing to me”

  • Pessimistic tone
  • Mythical allusions
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15
Q

Identity and the Masquerade - Prufrock

“[They …]”

A
  • “[They will say: How his hair is growing thin!]”
  • “[They will say: But how his arms and legs are thin!]”
  • Parentheses
  • Interruption of stream of consciousness
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16
Q

Identity and the Masquerade - Prufrock

“To prepare …”

A

“To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet”

  • Illogical syntax
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17
Q

Identity and the Masquerade - Prufrock

“I am not …”

A

“I am not Prince Hamlet nor was meant to be”

  • Allusion to Shakespeare’s Hamlet
  • Connotations of cowardice and indecision
  • Irony
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18
Q

Identity and the Masquerade - Preludes

“Other …”

A

“Other masquerades”

  • Metaphor
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19
Q

Identity and the Masquerade - Preludes

“You tossed …”

A

“You tossed a blanket … You lay upon your back … You dozed”

  • Anaphora
  • Second person pronouns
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20
Q

Identity and the Masquerade - Preludes

“Muddy …”

A
  • “Muddy feet”
  • “One thinks of all the hands”
  • Synecdoche
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21
Q

Identity and the Masquerade - Hollow Men

“We are …”

A

“We are the hollow men, we are the stuffed men”

  • First person inclusive pronouns
  • Paradox
  • Metaphor
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22
Q

Identity and the Masquerade - Hollow Men

“Shape without …”

A

“Shape without form, shade without colour”

  • Paradox
  • Binary oppositions
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23
Q

Identity and the Masquerade - Hollow Men

“Rat’s coat …”

A

“Rat’s coat, crowskin, crossed staves”

  • Symbolism
  • Connotations of decay and disease
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24
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Hollow Men

“We are …”

A

“We are the hollow men, we are the stuffed men”

  • First person inclusive pronouns
  • Paradox
  • Metaphor
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25
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Hollow Men

“Remember us …”

A

“Remember us - if at all - not as lost violent souls”

  • Hyphens
  • Metaphor
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26
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Hollow Men

“Here we go …”

A

“Here we go round the prickly pear prickly pear prickly pear”

  • Intertextuality to Mulberry nursery rhyme
  • Parody
  • Absurd metaphor
27
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Hollow Men

“For Thine …”

A

“For Thine is the Kingdom”

  • Repetition of incomplete Lord’s Prayer
  • Metaphor
28
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Journey of the Magi

“Summer …”

A
  • “Summer palaces on slopes, the terraces and the silken girls bringing sherbet”
  • “And the night-fires going out and the lack of shelters and the cities hostile”
  • Anaphora
  • Sibilance
  • Contrast between former life of luxury and the spiritual journey
29
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Journey of the Magi

“Such a …”

A
  • “Such a long journey … the camels galled, sorefooted, refractory”
  • “Then at dawn we came down to a temperate valley, wet … smelling of vegetation”
  • Contrast between the bleak imagery of stanza one and natural imagery of stanza two
  • Romantic interest in nature
  • “dawn” inverts Modernist preoccupation with time by linking it to religion
30
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Journey of the Magi

“Wanting their …”

A
  • “Wanting their liquor and women”
  • “Three trees … white horse … wine-skins”
  • Contrast between materialism of the first stanza and the biblical allusions of the second stanza
31
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Journey of the Magi

“I should be …”

A

“I should be glad of another death”

  • Allusion to heaven
32
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Hollow Men

“Lips that …”

A

“Lips that would kiss form prayers to broken stones”

  • Religious and blasphemous allusion
33
Q

Time, Memory and Age - Prufrock

“[They will …”

A
  • “[They will say: How his hair is growing thin!]”
  • “[They will say: But how his arms and legs are thin!]”
  • Parentheses
  • Interruption of stream of consciousness
34
Q

Time, Memory and Age - Prufrock

“I grow …”

A

“I grow old … I grow old”

  • Weary tone
  • Repetition
35
Q

Time, Memory and Age - Prufrock

“There will be …”

A
  • “There will be time”
  • “Time for you”
  • “Time for me”
  • Repetition
  • Temporal obsession
36
Q

Time, Memory and Age - Rhapsody

“Twelve …”

A
  • “Twelve o’clock”
  • “Half-past one”
  • “Half-past two”
  • “Half-past three”
  • “Four o’clock”
  • Temporal obsession
  • Metaphor
37
Q

Time, Memory and Age - Rhapsody

“The moon has …”

A

“The moon has lost her memory”

  • Personification
  • Inversion of Romantic ideas regarding nature
38
Q

Time, Memory and Age - Rhapsody

“Smells of …”

A

“Smells of chestnuts … female smells in shuttered rooms and cigarettes in corridors”

  • Suffocating and accumulating olfactory imagery
  • Subverts traditional notions of memory
39
Q

Time, Memory and Age - Preludes

“Six …”

A

“Six o’clock”

  • Temporal obsession
  • Subverted allusion to traditional prayer time
40
Q

Time, Memory and Age - Preludes

“The morning …”

A

“The morning comes to consciousness”

  • Personification
  • Metaphor
41
Q

Al Alvarez’s quote

A

Eliot highlights “the disorder, the futility, the meaninglessness, the mystery of life and suffering”

42
Q

George Knight’s quote

A

Eliot “tells us the truth about ourselves in our present situation”

43
Q

Time, Memory and Age - Rhapsody

“Street …”

A

“Street lamp”

  • Motif
  • Symbol of transcendence and passing of time
44
Q

Bleak Modernity - Prufrock

“I have measured …”

A

“I have measured out my life with coffee spoons”

  • Metaphor
45
Q

Bleak Modernity - Prufrock

“When the evening …”

A

“When the evening is spread against the sky like a patient etherized upon a table”

  • Simile
46
Q

Bleak Modernity - Preludes

“Sparrows …”

A

“Sparrows in the gutters”

  • Unnatural imagery
  • Negative connotations
  • Subverts Romantic ideals
47
Q

Bleak Modernity - Preludes

“His soul …”

A

“His soul stretched tight across the skies”

  • Shift to third person pronouns
  • Metaphor
  • Allusion to God
48
Q

Bleak Modernity - Preludes

“Wipe your hand …”

A

“Wipe your hand across your mouth, and laugh”

  • Absurd imagery
49
Q

Bleak Modernity - Preludes

“The worlds revolve …”

A

“The worlds revolve like ancient women”

  • Simile
50
Q

Bleak Modernity - Rhapsody

“As a madman …”

A

“As a madman shakes a dead geranium”

  • Absurd imagery
  • Irony as geraniums represent stability and tranquillity, and are difficult to kill
51
Q

Bleak Modernity - Rhapsody

“I could see …”

A

“I could see nothing behind that child’s eyes”

  • Inverted metaphor
52
Q

Bleak Modernity - Rhapsody

“A washed-out …”

A

“A washed-out smallpox cracks her face”

  • Personification
  • Inversion of Romantic ideals
53
Q

Bleak Modernity - Rhapsody

“Prepare …”

A

“Prepare for life”

  • Ironic inversion of the common practice of preparing for one’s death
54
Q

Bleak Modernity - Hollow Men

“Sunlight …”

A

“Sunlight on a broken column”

  • Symbolism of remnants of traditionalism
  • Irony of sunlight as a symbol of hope shining on remnants of traditionalism
55
Q

Bleak Modernity - Hollow Men

“Valley …”

A

“Valley of dying stars”

  • Allusion to Bible verse “valley of the shadow of death”
  • Metaphor
56
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Hollow Men

“… Life is …”

A

“For Thine is, Life is, For Thine is the”

  • Fragmented and incomplete syntax
  • Metaphor
57
Q

Bleak Modernity - Hollow Men

“Not with a …”

A

“Not with a bang but with a whimper”

  • Bathos
  • Metaphor
58
Q

Bleak Modernity - Journey of the Magi

“It was …”

A

“It was (you might say) satisfactory”

  • Parenthetical aside
  • Anticlimax
  • Situational irony
59
Q

Fragmented Spiritualism - Journey of the Magi

“An alien …”

A

“An alien people clutching their gods”

  • Blasphemous allusion
60
Q

Bleak Modernity - Journey of the Magi

“And the night-fires …”

A

“And the night-fires going out and the lack of shelters and the cities hostile”

  • Anaphora
61
Q

Bleak Modernity - Preludes

“Gusty …”

A

“Gusty shower wraps, the grimy scraps”

  • Squalid imagery
62
Q

Alienation and Lack of Authentic Connections - Rhapsody

“Regard that …”

A

“Regard that woman who hesitates toward you”

  • Personification of street lamp
  • Irony that even the lamp can communicate yet people cannot
  • Intertextuality to Dante’s Purgatorio’s siren
63
Q

Alienation and Lack of Authentic Connections - Prufrock

“My morning …”

A

“My morning coat … my collar, my necktie, rich and modest”

  • Symbolism

Advanced English (5 decks)

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