Module 9 Immune control of endocrine function

Question 1

9.1

Cytokines vs Hormones?

Answer 1

• Cytokines are diverse but similar to hormones
  
  • generally produced by one cell and act on the same cell (autocrine) or other cells (paracrine, endocrine)
  • Cytokines are produced at lower levels
    
    • Possible that their effects are more localized
    • many effects of cytokines are hormonal in nature

Question 2

9.1

Immune factors are physiological modulators of the _______ system

Answer 2

Immune factors are physiological modulators of the endocrine system

Question 3

9.1

In addition to being physiological modulators of the endocrine system, Immune factors are also ______ players in endocrine disorders

Answer 3

9.1

In addition to being physiological modulators of the endocrine system, Immune factors are also pathophysiological players in endocrine disorders

Question 4

9.1

In addition to neuroendocrine control mechanisms, immune factors can influence endocrine function in which (6) other ways?

Answer 4

• Cytokine receptors are present on endocrine cells and in endocrine tissues indicating direct effects of immune factors on the growth, development and apoptosis of endocrine cells
• Regulatory effects on endocrine fxn such as:
  
  • Changes in hormone synthesis
  • alterations in rate of hormone release (eg blocking of action of secretagogues - normally stim hormone release)
• Regulation of CV function
  
  • vasoactive immune factors (or hormones themselves) can induce vasorelaxation/vasoconstriction
    
    • Altered blood flow effects endocrine tissues as well as distribution of hormones
    • Changes in target tissue effects
    • Influence hepatic metabolism (degradation) of hormones
      *

Question 5

9.1

Mobility of immune cells and large numbers facilitates _________ effects of ________ hormones

Answer 5

Mobility of immune cells and large numbers facilitates systemic effects of immune-derived hormones

Question 6

9.1

Immune cells possess the full ______ system

Answer 6

Immune cells possess the full HPA system

• capable of producing all the key mediators (CRH, ACTH, NE, Cortisol)

Question 7

9.1

How do immune cells recognize sites where hormones are needed?

Answer 7

By responding to chemical or neural signals throughout the body

Question 8

9.1

Immune cells produce hormones for ________\_, for ________\_ or for ________\_

Answer 8

Immune cells produce hormones for general homeostatic regulation, for local tissue regulation or for mediating communication between systems

Question 9

9.1