Module 8 Vocbaulary and Terms Flashcards
Innate
determined by factors presents from birth
Innateness Hypothesis
humans are generally predisposed to learn and use language
Imitation Theory
child language acquisition theory that claims that children acquire language by listening to the speech around them and reproducing what they hear
Reinforcement Theory
child language acquisition which says that children learn to speak like adults because they are praised, rewards, or otherwise reinforced when they use the rights forms and are corrected when they use the wrong ones
Active Construction of a Grammar Theory
child language which says that children acquire a language by inventing rules of grammar based on the speech around them
Connectionist Theories
language acquisition which claims that children learn language through neural connections in he brain
Social Interaction Theory
language through social interaction in particular with older children and adults
Linguistic Universals
property believed to be held in common by all natural languages
Universal Grammar
posits a set of grammatical characteristics shared by all natural languages
Critical Period
age span during which children must have exposure to language and must build the critical brain strictures necessary in order to gain native speaker competence in language
Neglected Children
child who is neglected b caretakers, often resulting in significantly lower exposure to language as a child
Feral Children
child who grew up in the wild without care by human adults, often with animals
Homesign
rudimentary visual gesture communication system that is developed and used by dead children and their families when a signed language is not made available for their communication
Making Corrections
Seldom correct what children have to say
Rules
formal statement of an observed generalization about patens inn language
Child-Directed Speech
speech used by parents or caregivers when communicating with young children or infants
Sequential Bilingualism
begin learning their second language as young children
High Amplitude Sucking
experimental technique use to study sound discrimination in infants from birth to about six months
Conditioned Head Turn Procedure
claims that children learn language through neural connections in the brain
Voice onset time
length of time between the release of consonant and the onset of voicing
Simultaneous
learning language from birth
Articulatory gestures
description of the motion of positioning pf the parts of the vocal tract that are responsible for the production pf a speech sound
Babble
phase in child language acquisition during which the child produces meaningless sequence of consonants and vowels
Code Switching
using more than one language in a conversation even within a phrase
Canonical Babbling
continuous repetition f sequence of vowels and consonants like mamama by infants
Variegated Babbling
production of meaningless consonant vowels sequence by infant
Telegraphic
phase during child language acquisition in which children use iterance’s composed primarily of content words
Transfer
positive or negative depending on weather if facilitates or inhabits the learning of second language
Fossilization
non native forms as part of either the morpho-sytax or pronunciation
Interrogatives
kind of sentence that expresses a question
Complexive Concepts
term used in the study of child language acquisition
Multilingual
speakers of more than two languages
Underextension
application of word to a smaller set of objects that is appropriate for mature adult speech or the usual definition of the word
Bilingual
speakers of two languages
Deictic Expressions
word or expression that takes its meaning relative to the time, place, and speaker of the utterance
Making Corrections
adults seldom correct what children have to say
Child Directed Speech
speech used by parents or caregivers communicating with young children or infants
Attention Getters
word of phrase use to initiate an address to children
Attention Holders
tactic used to maintain children attention for extended amount of time
Conversational Turns
adults encourage children to take their turns as speaker and listener in conversation
