module 8 study guide Flashcards
what is natural selection?
the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
another def: More adapted organisms have a higher chance of surviving and procreating
what is artificial selection?
the process where humans intentionally choose certain desirable traits in plants or animals and encourage those traits to become more common in future generations
homologous structures?
body parts in different animals that have similar structure
talk about charles darwin
- processed his theory of evolution in 1859
- from UK
- christian → atheist (was pretty devoted christian in his 20s)
- believed in a single common ancestor
- believed in “descent with modification”
- earned a degree in theology from Cambridge (nerd)
what is “descent with modification”?
- idea of evolution
- species change over time, developing new traits in each generation
- the “theory” of evolution is a hypothesis, an explanation of observation
◦ not testable
◦ requires an impossible amount of time
◦ is not repeatable - SECULAR scientists believe this unifies all of biology
who described evolution as a gradually branching family tree showing living organisms becoming more complex over time?
charles darwin
why/how did darwin convert from christian to atheist?
◦ strongly believed in the Bible and was made fun of/ridiculed
◦ after a long voyage he DIDN’T BELIEVE A WORD IS TRUE IN THE BIBLE
- womp womp going to hell
who said “the present is the key to the past”
charles lyell (geologist, studied geology of the earth)
where was Darwin’s Theory developed?
the galapagos islands off the coast of Ecuador
true or false: microevolution is a hypothesis
false! it’s a theory (something that can be tested, has lots of support, evidence based
what is microevolution?
(creation worldview) the theory that over time, natural selection can change an organism, making it more specialized for its environment.
- basically: the small changes that happen in a population’s traits over a short time
what is macroevolution?
(evolution worldview)
- a hypothesis
- over long periods, the same changes as in microevolution can turn one kind of organism into a completely different kind
immutability of species?
the idea that each individual species on the planet was specially created by God and could never fundamentally change
neo-Darwinism?
neo-Darwinism-mutation?
1) updated version of Darwin’s theory with more modern info
2) mutations coming from DNA
what is igneous?
cooling lava
metamorphic?
extreme temperature and pressure
sedimentary?
- usually forms strata- distinct layers of rock
- contains fossils
what discovery did james watson and francis crick make in the 1950s?
-made model of DNA
how many atoms are in our galaxy?
10⁶⁵ (10 to the 65th power)
primary tenets (or beliefs) of the Theory of Evolution?
○ life comes from nothing
○ the earth is billions of years old
○ we appeared w/o God
what is the cambrian explosion and how does it disrupt thinking about evolutionary theory?
the cambrian explosion is that different animals appeared all of a sudden, and there was no explanation where they came from
it disrupts the thinking because:
○ something can’t come from nothing
○ “how did it get there”
○ theres literally no support for how it happened so how is it credible?? stupid ahh💀💀
what is DNA enigma and how does it disrupt thinking about evolutionary theory?
DNA enigma is figuring out the likelihood of a protein evolving at random
it disrupts the thinking because:
○ shows there is a lack of gradual change, which is what evolution says there is
dr meyer explains that natural selection only “selects” sequences that random mutations generate. yet experiments have established that DNA sequences capable of making stable proteins are extremely rare, and really hard to stumble on randomly.
1) does this information support/not support Darwin’s theory?
2) why is the “random” factor so important to mr meyers point?
1) it does not support darwin’s theory because that’s contradicting what science experiments established. Darwin’s theory depends on random mutations
2) it contradicts itself. it represents that the theory is not true. in order for it to not be random, there has to be someone driving it (God)
dr meyer says that even 4 billion yers of life’s history is not enough time to overcome a search problem this big [of finding new DNA sequences that can build a functional and/or stable protein.
1) why do you think thats the case?
(answers may vary)
1) evolutionists can’t explain and support why those things happened. it’s statistically impossible
1) why do you think dr meyer makes a distinction between scientists who know about the problems and those who don’t? (after he said that “scientists who know about these problems are not ignorant, stupid, or insane, they are just appropriately skeptical”
2) do you think that scientists should still be skeptical regarding Darwinian theory? why/why not?
(answers may vary)
1) everyone has their own opinions and they are entitled to having them. they’re “ignorant” because they can’t support their opinion. some scientists don’t have as much info as others
2)
○ they should be skeptical of everything, that’s literally their job [as a scientist]
