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PMR Modules 7 & 8 > Module #8 - Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Module #8 - Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

In correlation, r-squared measures…

a) The proportion of variance in one variable that is explained by another
b) The direction of the association
c) The proportion of the error variations
d) The correlation between one variable and another
e) The degree to which changes in one variable cause changes in another

A

a) The proportion of variance in one variable that is explained by another

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2
Q

With a two factor solution to a factor analysis, the two sets of factor scores can be used as the X and Y coordinates in a perceptual map.

a) True
b) False

A

a) True

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3
Q

In factor analysis, sometimes, because of existing knowledge, the researcher knows how many factors to expect and thus can specify the number of factors to be extracted beforehand. This is referred to as…

a) A priori determination
b) Determination based on split-half reliability
c) Determination based on significance tests
d) Determination based on scree plot
e) Determination based on eigenvalues

A

a) A priori determination

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4
Q

Advanced data analysis can only be conducted using SPSS or SAS.

a) True
b) False

A

b) False

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5
Q

A conjoint study looks at laptop PCs in terms of disk size, weight, and price. The disk size was asked in terms of 60GB, 120GB, and 180GB, and for each respondent we calculate the values of for 60GB, 120GB, and 180GB. What do we call these values?

a) Attributes
b) Levels
c) Utilities
d) Importances
e) Trade-Offs

A

c) Utilities

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6
Q

In a conjoint study a respondent is shown 4 cards at a time and asked to pick the one they are most likely to buy. Which type of conjoint is this?

a) Self-explicated
b) Ratings based
c) Ranking based
d) DCM (Discrete Choice Model)
e) MaxDiff Scaling

A

d) DCM (Discrete Choice Model)

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7
Q

Which of the following is a statistical technique for examining the differences among means for two or more populations?

a) Chi-squared
b) ANOVA
c) Factor analysis
d) Regression
e) Correlation

A

b) ANOVA

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8
Q

In factor analysis, which of the following represents the total variance explained by each factor?

a) Eigenvalue
b) Percentage of variance
c) Residual
d) Communality

A

a) Eigenvalue

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9
Q

A partial correlation coefficient measures the association between two variables after controlling for or adjusting for the effects of one or more additional variables.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

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10
Q

The question of ‘How strongly are sales related to advertising expenditures when the effect of price is controlled?’ is best answered via…

a) Correlation
b) Partial correlation
c) Factor analysis
d) Regression
e) ANOVA

A

b) Partial correlation

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11
Q

The objective in MDS (multidimensional scaling) is to obtain a spatial map that best fits the input data in the smallest number of dimensions.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

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12
Q

Analysis of variance is so named because it examines the variability or variation in the sample (dependent variable) and, based on the variability, determines whether there is reason to believe that the population means differ.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

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13
Q

The interpretation of a factor is facilitated by identifying the variables that have small loadings on the same factor.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

b) FALSE

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14
Q

In a multiple regression problem, if there is a state of very high intercorrelations among the independent variables, then the problem is referred to as…

a) Multivariate
b) Multi-faceted
c) Multicollinearity
d) Co-correlated
e) Hypercorrelated

A

c) Multicollinearity

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15
Q

When fitting a straight line to a scattergram, the best-fitting line is called the regression line.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

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16
Q

Formal procedures for assessing the reliability and validity of clustering are simple and should be undertaken.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

b) FALSE

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17
Q

Multicollinearity arises when intercorrelations among the predictors are very low.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

b) FALSE

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18
Q

Which of the following is a class of techniques used to classify objects or cases into relatively homogeneous groups?

a) Conjoint analysis
b) ANOVA
c) Factor analysis
d) Regression
e) Cluster analysis

A

e) Cluster analysis

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19
Q

Excel can be used to calculate linear regression equations.

a) True
b) False

A

a) True

20
Q

Which of the following is a statistical procedure for analyzing associative relationships between a metric dependent variable and one or more independent metric variables?

a) Chi-squared
b) ANOVA
c) Factor analysis
d) Regression
e) Correlation

A

d) Regression

21
Q

In the normal conjoint paradigm the total value of a product is assumed to be equal to…

a) The highest value for any one attribute
b) The sum of the values of all its attributes
c) The product of the values of all its attributes

A

b) The sum of the values of all its attributes

22
Q

The coefficient of multiple determination is…

a) The correlation between the real Y values and the predicted Y values
b) The square of the correlation between the real Y values and the predicted Y values
c) The correlation between the observed Y values and the predicted Y values
d) The square of the correlation between the observed Y values and the predicted Y values

A

d) The square of the correlation between the observed Y values and the predicted Y values

23
Q

With factor analysis, when selecting variables to serve as surrogate variables, you should look for the variable with the highest loading on a factor.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

24
Q

In a conjoint study a respondent is shown 4 cards at a time and asked to pick the one they are most likely to buy. Which type of conjoint is this?

a) Self-explicated
b) Ratings based
c) Ranking based
d) Choice based
e) MaxDiff Scaling

A

d) Choice based

25
Q

The hit ratio for Discriminant Analysis is the percentage of cases correctly identified.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

26
Q

Which of the following statistics summarizes the strength of association between two metric variables?

a) Chi-squared
b) ANOVA
c) Factor analysis
d) Regression
e) Correlation

A

e) Correlation

27
Q

A correlation coefficient of r=-1 for two variables X and Y indicates…

a) X and Y do not have a relationship
b) A positive change in X is associated with positive change in Y
c) A negative change in X is associated with a negative change Y
d) A negative change in Y is associated with a negative change in X
e) A negative change in Y is associated with a positive change in X

A

e) A negative change in Y is associated with a positive change in X

28
Q

When making practical use of cluster analysis the researcher will normally…

a) Use analytical techniques alone to determine the variables to use and the number of clusters to report
b) Use analytical techniques and judgement to determine the variables to use and analytical techniques alone to determine the number of clusters to report
c) Use analytical techniques alone to determine the variables to use and analytical techniques and judgement to determine the number of clusters to report
d) Use analytical techniques and judgement to determine the variables to use and to determine the number of clusters to report
e) Use judgement alone to determine the variables to use and to determine the number of clusters to report

A

d) Use analytical techniques and judgement to determine the variables to use and to determine the number of clusters to report

29
Q

Factor analysis explains a dependent variable in terms of one or more independent variables.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

b) FALSE

30
Q

In cluster analysis, the set of variables selected should describe the similarity between objects in terms that are relevant to the marketing research problem.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

31
Q

In a multiple regression problem, if the independent variables are highly intercorrelated, then the regression coefficients may…

a) Have the right magnitude, but the wrong sign
b) Have the wrong magnitude, but the right sign
c) Have both the wrong magnitude and the wrong sign
d) Will always have approximately the right magnitude and sign

A

c) Have both the wrong magnitude and the wrong sign

P. 554 Malhotra

32
Q

In a study the respondent is shown the attributes in groups of 5 at a time and asked to indicate their most and least preferred. Which type of choice study is this?

a) Self-explicated
b) Ratings based
c) Ranking based
d) DCM (Discrete Choice Model)
e) MaxDiff Scaling

A

e) MaxDiff Scaling

33
Q

A conjoint study looks at laptop PCs in terms of disk size, weight, and price. We call these elements…

a) Attributes
b) Levels
c) Utilities
d) Importances
e) Trade-Offs

A

a) Attributes

34
Q

Compared with univariate analysis, multivariate analysis looks at relationships rather than simple measurements.

a) True
b) False

A

a) True

35
Q

Cluster analysis does not classify variables as dependent or independent.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

36
Q

The conjoint analysis procedure is based on trade-offs respondents make when evaluating alternatives.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

37
Q

In correlation, an r value of 0.5 between X and Y implies that the shared variation is what percentage of the total variation?

a) 0%
b) 10%
c) 25%
d) 50%
e) 90%

A

c) 25%

This relates to how r and r-squared are related. R^2 is shared variation.

38
Q

A factor is an underlying dimension that explains the correlations among a set of variables.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

39
Q

The purpose of stepwise regression is to select, from a large number of predictor variables, a small subset of variables that account for most of the variation in the dependent or criterion variable.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

40
Q

Discriminant functions are linear combinations of the predictor or independent variables, which will best discriminate between the categories of the criterion or dependent variable (groups).

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

a) TRUE

41
Q

Each dimension determined in MDS (multidimensional scaling) represents only one attribute.

a) TRUE
b) FALSE

A

b) FALSE

42
Q

If a variable X is highly correlated with a variable Y then it implies that changes in X cause changes in Y.

a) True
b) False

A

b) False

43
Q

The null hypothesis for ANOVA typically is that all the…

a) Proportions are equal
b) Means are unequal
c) Proportions are unequal
d) Means are equal

A

d) Means are equal

44
Q

If a researcher finds a high correlation between two variables X and Y, this could be caused by

a) X causing changes in Y
b) Y causing changes in X
c) Both X and Y being affected by some other factor
d) Chance
e) All of the above

A

e) All of the above

45
Q

Cluster analysis is only used in cases where ‘real’ groups exist, and where the software is used to find these groups.

a) True
b) False

A

a) True

PMR Modules 7 & 8 (3 decks)

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