MODULE 8: Non-Infectious diseases and Disorders

Question 1

Incidence Definition

Answer 1

The number of new cases of a disease diagnosed during a specific time period (usually 1 year)

Question 2

Mortality Definition

Answer 2

The number of deaths occuring as a result of a disease during a specified time period.

Question 3

Prevalence Definition

Answer 3

The number of people alive with a prior diagnosis of a disease at a given time. It is distinct from incidence which is the number of new cases of the disease diagnosed within a given period of time.

Question 4

Morbidity Definition

Answer 4

Track data on illness and disease within a population.

Question 5

What makes a good study?

Answer 5

Reliability - Large sample size (at least 1000)
Validity (good method)
Non-bias
Even split of gender
Range of people (age, ethnicity, environmental influences etc.)
Single variant studied (in terms of health/disease)
Run over a long period of time (to remove possibility of chance)
Having a control group
Affected and Non-affected (comparison) measured/tested

Question 6

Why are studies needed?

Answer 6

Prevent diseases
Decrease the number of preventable diseases
Reduce the impact and improve the quality of life for people with the disease
Geographical distribution
Frequency of the disease
Patterns within time, place and people
Compare change over time
Estimate trends
Predict possible outbreaks, epidemics so that funding increases
Find variations based on: Economic groups, age group, biological sex, lifestyle factors.

Question 7

Transpiration Definition

Answer 7

Evaporation of water from the stomata of leaves. Lifts water and is a form of evaporative cooling .

Question 8

Xerophytes?

Answer 8

Plants that live in arid Conditions

Question 9

Dry conditions plant water balance adaptations.

Answer 9

Reduced/Rolled leaves
Thicker waxy cuticle
Stomata in pits with hairs
Photosynthesis under dry conditions
Lower growth to ground
————–
Shiny waxy cuticle - water proof to prevent water loss
White hairs - reflect sunlight to reduce temperature on leaf
Leaf orientation - away from light
Loss of transpiring pl;ant organs
Reduced surface area/leaf size
Shedding leaves - reduce water loss
Regulating stomata opening

Question 10

Public Health Campaigns

Answer 10

Sid the Seagull

Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide - Melanoma
Slip (on a shirt), Slop (on sunscreen), Slap (on a hat), Seek (shelter/shade), Slide (on sunglasses)