Module 8 (Don't Fall Asleep) Flashcards
Who was Charles Grandison Finney?
A very well-known preacher like Billy Graham. He was well known for having revivals and yelling at people to repent. He was the most famous preacher of his time. He was a key part of an overall era of reform that started in the 1830s that included women’s rights and abolition.
What is a revival?
An emotional meeting designed to awaken religious faith through impassioned preaching and prayer. Lasted five days. People read the bible and examined their souls.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
He left his protestant ministry to become a Transcendentalist. His wife died of tuberculosis. He believed that each person had it in themselves to make the world a better place.
Civil Disobedience
When you simply disobeyed the laws that you did not believe in and instead of protesting in violence you should protest in peace. Henry David Thoreau believed in this.
Utopian Communities
Experimental communities tried to create “utopias” or perfect places, in which to live. During the 1800s, more than 90 utopian societies were established in the United States States.
Shakers
A group of people that did not believe in marrying or having children.
Horace Mann
Horace Mann was the father of public education. Established curriculum and graded schools (1st grade 2 grade). From Massachacuets.
Doretha Dix
She believed in reforming prisons and asylums. In 1843 she sent a report of her findings to the Massachusetts legislature, who in turn passed legislation to improve the conditions of the mentally ill. By 1880 more than 100 mental institutes were being operated in the United States.
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism was a philisphocal and literary movement that empathized living a simple life. In these people’s lives, they celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination.
Second Great Awakening
This swept the United States after 1790. Finney was a part of this awakening. The preachers that were a part of this awakening rejected the 18-century belief that God predetermined one’s salvation or damnation. They emphasized individual responsibility for salvation.
Henry David Thoreau
Thoreau was a friend of Emmerson. He believed that people should practice civil disobedience. Thoreau didn’t want to support the U.S. government which allowed slavery and the war with Mexico. He refused to pay his taxes because of this and thus went to jail. He also wrote an essay titled “civil disobedience” where he urged people to act according to their own beliefs if it meant breaking the law. This novel inspired reformers such as some civil rights leaders that fought for equality for Black Americans.
Lyman Beecher
Lyman Beecher was an evangelical reformer who believed in reforming the individual in order to reform the country. He was an important role in the abolitionist movement. He was a temperance activist. In 1825 he lectured against all use of liquor.
How did the Second Great Awakening help form new religious denominations?
The awakening cause formed new ideas in the hearts of Americans. People that wanted change in their government, flocked to new churches in high numbers. Those that couldn’t find a church that fits their specific belief formed their own church. Christian churches across the country split into various denominations.
Abolition
The call to outlaw slavery.
William Llyod Garrison
A very radical white abolitionist. He was very active in the religious reform movements in Massachusetts. He wrote a paper called the Liberator in 1831. In this paper, he delivered the message of immediate emancipation - the freeing of slaves. Garrison founded the New England Anti - Slavery Society in 1832 which went on the be the American anti-slavery society. The AASS had about 175,000 members. 3 out of 4 members of the AASS were Black.
FREDRICK DOUGLAS
Douglas was a member of the AASS. he was a slave until 21 years old when he ran away to the north in 1838. He was taught how to read and write by the wife of one of his owners. He wrote an autobiography in 1845 called The Narrative Life of Fredrick Douglas. This book helped inform people about how harsh slavery was (similar to Uncle Tom’s Cabin)
Nat Turner
Was born into slavery in 1800. Turner believed that he was chosen to lead his people out of slavery. In 1831 he led the bloodiest slave revolt in U.S. history. He rallied 80 followers and attacked four plantations and killed 60 white inhabitants before being captured by state and federal troops. Turner was caught and hanged for his crimes.
Antebellum
The period before the civil war
Gag Rule
A rule limiting or preventing debate on an issue. This rule deprived citizens of submitting petitions of their right to have them heard.
North Star
This was an anti-slavery newspaper that Douglas published in 1847. He named it North Star after the start that helped guide runaway slaves to freedom.
Did Douglas and Garrison end slavery?
Unfortunately, their actions only a few slaves were freed because of their actions. Their words were received mostly by northerners who already agreed with them.
Lucretia Mott
Was a Quaker abolitionist. Helped Elizebeth Cady Stanton hold the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Timed her marriage in 1840 so she could join her husband in London for the World’s Ant-Slavery convention. At this convention, she realized that women were not being treated the same as men. She helped Lucretia Mott hold the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848.
Temperance Movement
The effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol. Temperance activists believed that drinking excessive amounts of alcohol brought out the worst in people.
Seneca Falls
Held in New York in 1848; Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton ran it; it was the first convention to discuss women’s rights
Soujourner Truth
She was a former slave until 1827; she couldn’t read or write; she traveled and preached the gospel; she was an anti-slavery and women’s rights activist
The Cult of Domesticity
Restricted women to housework and childcare after marriage
Sarah and Angelina Grimké
Daughters of a South Carolina slaveholder; supported by William Lloyd Garrison
Nativism
the belief that Americans born in America have more rights than naturalists
Romanticism
Believed in feelings over reason
Unitarianism
Believed converting was a slow process; believed in reason over emotions
Radical Abolitionists
They wanted slavery to end immediately and deal with the consequences later
Colonization Abolitionists
They wanted to send the slaves back to Africa; this failed as a movement
David Walker
He advised people to fight for the abolition of slavery rather than let the slave owners slowly let their slaves go
Abstinence
The practice of restraining oneself from drinking alcohol
