MODULE 8

Question 1

are negatively charged, and thus are opposite the charge of the nucleus

Answer 1

Electrons

Question 2

the study of motion of objects in relative to Newton’s law

Answer 2

classical mechanics

Question 3

refers to the study of motion of minute entities, such as electrons, in relation to moves and the specific amount of energy they can hold

Answer 3

quantum mechanics

Question 4

describes electrons as particles with wavelike properties such as immense speed

Answer 4

quantum mechanics

Question 5

is a form of energy that is made up of electric and magnetic fields travelling in a wavelike patter

Answer 5

electromagnetic radiation

Question 6

EMR travels in a wavelike pattern and it can be characterized by its?

Answer 6

amplitude
wavelength
frequency

Question 7

refers to the height of the crest

Answer 7

amplitude

Question 8

determines the intensity of radiation, which is usually manifested in terms of brightness

Answer 8

amplitude

Question 9

is represented by the lowercase of the Greek letter lambda

Answer 9

wavelength

Question 11

defined as the distance between two successive maxima (crest) or two successive minima (trough)

Answer 11

wavelength

Question 11

is expressed in terms of nanometers (nm)

Answer 11

wavelength

Question 12

number of oscillations per unit of time, which is usually expressed as per second or hertz

Answer 12

frequency

Question 13

longer frequencies of light means?

Answer 13

shorter wavelengths

Question 14

is the range of all types of EMR

Answer 14

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 15

other types of EMR that make up the electromagnetic frequency

Answer 15

radio frequency, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma ray radiation

Question 16

have the shortest wavelength and have the longest frequency of 10^-12 m and 10^20Hz

Answer 16

gamma rays

Question 17

exhibits the longest wavelength of 10^3m and shortest frequency of 10^4Hz

Answer 17

Radio Frequency (RF)

Question 18

has many applications in the medical field as it can penetrate human tissues

Answer 18

X - Ray

Question 19

this EMR can be used to scan bones and internal organs such as lungs

Answer 19

X - Ray

Question 20

comes from sunlight that may cause wrinkles, sunburn, and skin cancer

Answer 20

UV Radiation

Question 21

can be used in sensors wherein the mechanism relies on hotness of an object

Answer 21

IR radiation

Question 22

EMR with longer wavelengths include

Answer 22

microwaves and radio waves

Question 23

is a phenomenon wherein metals emit electrons when bombarded with light or EMR

Answer 23

photoelectric effect

Question 24

this phenomenon takes place only when the EMR exceeds that of the work function

Answer 24

photoelectric effect

Question 25

model that proposed the presence of quantized energy levels in an atom in 1913

Answer 25

Bohr's Planetary Model

Question 26

he proposed the presence of quantized energy levels in an atom in 1913

Answer 26

Niehls Henrik David Bohr

Question 27

According to him, the finite number of wavelengths recorded in the atomic spectrum or H implies the presence of a finite number of quantized energy levels called shells

Answer 27

Niehls Henrik David Bohr

Question 28

he stated that radiant energy can be either gained or lost in definite amounts called quanta

Answer 28

Max Planck

Question 29

he proposed massless particles with energy-carrying capacity and wavelike particles

Answer 29

Albert Einstein

Question 30

Limitations in Bohr's planetary model

Answer 30

1. Bohr's model did not establish a definite trend in the chemical properties of atoms relative to the changes of atomic number 2. Bohr's model failed to provide explanation as to why different group of elements have their own unique properties 3. Bohr's model did not explain the presence of bonds among atoms of different elements to form compounds 4. Bohr's model did not explain why electrons will not collapse toward the nucleus

Question 31

He proposed the dual nature of matter, primarily based on the dual nature of light, wherein electrons manifest particle and wave properties similar to that of light

Answer 31

Louis de Broglie (1892 - 1987)

Question 32

proposed that it is impossible to measure the momentum or determine the velocity of very small entity such as an electron and at the same time determine the precise location with utmost certainty

Answer 32

Werner Heisenberg (1901 - 1976) Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

Question 33

He tried to resolve the dilemma posed by the dual nature of matter

Answer 33

Werner Heisenberg (1901 - 1976)

Question 34

He came up with mathematical approach called the wave mechanics of the atom

Answer 34

Erwin Schrodinger

Question 35

established that electrons do not travel around the nucleus in a circular manner

Answer 35

wave mechanics

Question 36

this theory identifies the possible region where electrons can most probably be located, but not the exact description for the motion of the electrons

Answer 36

wave mechanics

Question 37

is useful in describing the behavior of microscopic particles such as subatomic particles

Answer 37

Schrodinger equation

Question 38

is characterized based on being solvable, finite or single -valued, continuous, and normalizable

Answer 38

wave function

Question 39

implies the probably position of the electron along a given dimension

Answer 39

wave function

Question 40

is the region in space occupied by a single electron, as in the case of the H atom

Answer 40

principal or main energy level

Question 41

depict the shape of the region where an electron can be found

Answer 41

Sublevels

Question 42

take into consideration the shape of the sublevels and how they are orientated in space

Answer 42

orbitals

Question 43

refers to the logical numerical representation of the predicted location of an electron(s) in an atom from the main energy level down to the direction or orientation of the electron's spin in the orbital

Answer 43

electron configuration

Question 44

refer to orbitals in different states but exhibiting the same energy

Answer 44

degenerate orbitals

Question 45

orbitals are arranged according to increasing energy

Answer 45

aufbau's principle

Question 46

each degenerate orbital must be filled in first by a single electron before pairing up

Answer 46

hund's rule of maximum multiplicity

Question 47

only two electrons should be placed in a given orbital and they they should be of opposite spins in space

Answer 47

pauli's exclusion principle

Question 48

what is the term called when atoms have unpaired electrons, the spin of the unpaired electrons contributes to the attraction to any existing magnetic field

Answer 48

paramagnetism

Question 49

what is the term when atoms having paired electrons will less likely draw toward any existing magnetic field and later on exhibit weak repulsion

Answer 49

diamagnetism

Question 50

this quantum corresponds to the main energy level in which electrons are probably located and indicates the distance of each energy level from the nucleus

Answer 50

principal quantum number

Question 51

this quantum number corresponds to the sublevel where the electron belongs

Answer 51

azimuthal

Question 52

this quantum number identifies the specific orbital within the sublevel where the electron can probably be found

Answer 52

magnetic quantum number

Question 53

this quantum number describes the electron's rotation on its axis

Answer 53

spin quantum number