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GEN CHEM 2nd Quarter > MODULE 8 > Flashcards

MODULE 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

are negatively charged, and thus are opposite the charge of the nucleus

A

Electrons

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2
Q

the study of motion of objects in relative to Newton’s law

A

classical mechanics

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3
Q

refers to the study of motion of minute entities, such as electrons, in relation to moves and the specific amount of energy they can hold

A

quantum mechanics

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4
Q

describes electrons as particles with wavelike properties such as immense speed

A

quantum mechanics

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5
Q

is a form of energy that is made up of electric and magnetic fields travelling in a wavelike patter

A

electromagnetic radiation

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6
Q

EMR travels in a wavelike pattern and it can be characterized by its?

A

amplitude
wavelength
frequency

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7
Q

refers to the height of the crest

A

amplitude

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8
Q

determines the intensity of radiation, which is usually manifested in terms of brightness

A

amplitude

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9
Q

is represented by the lowercase of the Greek letter lambda

A

wavelength

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

defined as the distance between two successive maxima (crest) or two successive minima (trough)

A

wavelength

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11
Q

is expressed in terms of nanometers (nm)

A

wavelength

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12
Q

number of oscillations per unit of time, which is usually expressed as per second or hertz

A

frequency

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13
Q

longer frequencies of light means?

A

shorter wavelengths

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14
Q

is the range of all types of EMR

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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15
Q

other types of EMR that make up the electromagnetic frequency

A

radio frequency, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma ray radiation

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16
Q

have the shortest wavelength and have the longest frequency of 10^-12 m and 10^20Hz

A

gamma rays

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17
Q

exhibits the longest wavelength of 10^3m and shortest frequency of 10^4Hz

A

Radio Frequency (RF)

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18
Q

has many applications in the medical field as it can penetrate human tissues

A

X - Ray

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19
Q

this EMR can be used to scan bones and internal organs such as lungs

A

X - Ray

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20
Q

comes from sunlight that may cause wrinkles, sunburn, and skin cancer

A

UV Radiation

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21
Q

can be used in sensors wherein the mechanism relies on hotness of an object

A

IR radiation

22
Q

EMR with longer wavelengths include

A

microwaves and radio waves

23
Q

is a phenomenon wherein metals emit electrons when bombarded with light or EMR

A

photoelectric effect

24
Q

this phenomenon takes place only when the EMR exceeds that of the work function

A

photoelectric effect

25
Q

model that proposed the presence of quantized energy levels in an atom in 1913

A

Bohr’s Planetary Model

26
Q

he proposed the presence of quantized energy levels in an atom in 1913

A

Niehls Henrik David Bohr

27
Q

According to him, the finite number of wavelengths recorded in the atomic spectrum or H implies the presence of a finite number of quantized energy levels called shells

A

Niehls Henrik David Bohr

28
Q

he stated that radiant energy can be either gained or lost in definite amounts called quanta

A

Max Planck

29
Q

he proposed massless particles with energy-carrying capacity and wavelike particles

A

Albert Einstein

30
Q

Limitations in Bohr’s planetary model

A
  1. Bohr’s model did not establish a definite trend in the chemical properties of atoms relative to the changes of atomic number
  2. Bohr’s model failed to provide explanation as to why different group of elements have their own unique properties
  3. Bohr’s model did not explain the presence of bonds among atoms of different elements to form compounds
  4. Bohr’s model did not explain why electrons will not collapse toward the nucleus
31
Q

He proposed the dual nature of matter, primarily based on the dual nature of light, wherein electrons manifest particle and wave properties similar to that of light

A

Louis de Broglie (1892 - 1987)

32
Q

proposed that it is impossible to measure the momentum or determine the velocity of very small entity such as an electron and at the same time determine the precise location with utmost certainty

A

Werner Heisenberg (1901 - 1976)

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

33
Q

He tried to resolve the dilemma posed by the dual nature of matter

A

Werner Heisenberg (1901 - 1976)

34
Q

He came up with mathematical approach called the wave mechanics of the atom

A

Erwin Schrodinger

35
Q

established that electrons do not travel around the nucleus in a circular manner

A

wave mechanics

36
Q

this theory identifies the possible region where electrons can most probably be located, but not the exact description for the motion of the electrons

A

wave mechanics

37
Q

is useful in describing the behavior of microscopic particles such as subatomic particles

A

Schrodinger equation

38
Q

is characterized based on being solvable, finite or single -valued, continuous, and normalizable

A

wave function

39
Q

implies the probably position of the electron along a given dimension

A

wave function

40
Q

is the region in space occupied by a single electron, as in the case of the H atom

A

principal or main energy level

41
Q

depict the shape of the region where an electron can be found

A

Sublevels

42
Q

take into consideration the shape of the sublevels and how they are orientated in space

A

orbitals

43
Q

refers to the logical numerical representation of the predicted location of an electron(s) in an atom from the main energy level down to the direction or orientation of the electron’s spin in the orbital

A

electron configuration

44
Q

refer to orbitals in different states but exhibiting the same energy

A

degenerate orbitals

45
Q

orbitals are arranged according to increasing energy

A

aufbau’s principle

46
Q

each degenerate orbital must be filled in first by a single electron before pairing up

A

hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity

47
Q

only two electrons should be placed in a given orbital and they they should be of opposite spins in space

A

pauli’s exclusion principle

48
Q

what is the term called when atoms have unpaired electrons, the spin of the unpaired electrons contributes to the attraction to any existing magnetic field

A

paramagnetism

49
Q

what is the term when atoms having paired electrons will less likely draw toward any existing magnetic field and later on exhibit weak repulsion

A

diamagnetism

50
Q

this quantum corresponds to the main energy level in which electrons are probably located and indicates the distance of each energy level from the nucleus

A

principal quantum number

51
Q

this quantum number corresponds to the sublevel where the electron belongs

A

azimuthal

52
Q

this quantum number identifies the specific orbital within the sublevel where the electron can probably be found

A

magnetic quantum number

53
Q

this quantum number describes the electron’s rotation on its axis

A

spin quantum number

GEN CHEM 2nd Quarter (1 decks)

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