Module 8 Flashcards
What is homeostasis
Process of maintaining control, balanced coordination in an organism.
2 stages of homeostasis
- Detecting changes from the stable state
- Contracting changes from the stable state.
2 feedback systems to maintain homeostasis
Positive: increase/reinforce initial change to cause great deviation from the set value.
Negative: Counteract change to return to set value - most common.
What are chemoreceptors
Changes concentration of blood chemicals: glucose, amino acids, CO2, oxygen and dissolved ions.
Thermoreceptors
Stimulated by Temperature changes
Photoreceptors
Stimulated by light
Mechanoreceptors
Stimulated by pressure, gravity and sound.
Central nervous system
CNS composes the brain and spinal cord connection for signal transmission.
Peripheral nervous system
PNS carries info to and from the CNS, info carried holds messages transmitted in the form of electro-chemical impulses.
Cerebrum
Coordinates movement, thinking, emotions and regulates body temp.
Midbrain
Relay system to transmit info necessary for our 5 senses, motor skills and sleep cycle.
Thalamus
All info from body senses is processed her before reaching the cerebral cortex.
Hypothalamus
Manages body temp, hunger, thirst, mood, blood pressure and sleep.
Parts of the ear
Pinna, cochlear, organ of Corti, auditory nerve, tympanic membrane.
Parts of the eye
Retina, iris, aqueous humour, cornea, optic nerve, ciliary body, lens, vitreous humour
Parts of the kidney - renal cortex
Glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule.
Parts of the kidney - outer medulla
Descending loop of henle, thick region of the ascending loop.
Parts of the kidney - inner medulla
Collecting duct, thin region of ascending loop.
Assistive technology for ears
Hearing aids and cochlear implants / bionic ears.
Eye diseases
Myopia: short sightedness from the eye ball being too long - light retracts from the front.
Hyperopia: long sightedness from a short eye ball, light retracts too far in the eye.
Kidney diseases
High blood pressure: Aldosterone over load damages the glomerulus lowering nephron capabilities.
Kidney stones: formed from long-term salt diets with pressured urine that damages nephrons.
