module 8 Flashcards
what are the organs of the cardiovascular system?
heart and blood vessels
blood vessels that take blood away from the heart, under high pressure
arteries
blood vessels that take blood toward the heart, under no/low pressure and they are made up of valves to keep blood moving
veins
smallest blood vessel in the body, they are the site of nutrient and gas exchange.
capillary
how does veins keep blood moving against gravity back to the heart?
valves and skeletal muscles contractions
what are the contents of blood?
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
liquid component of blood, contains water, nutrients, waste products, hormones and ions/proteins
plasma
biconcave cells filled with hemoglobin, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood stream
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
cells that have 5 different types the help fight off infection and repair injured tissue
white blood cells (leukocytes)
fragments of megalargocytes and function to form platelet plugs in blood clotting
platelets
the 2 top chambers of the heart
atria
the bottom 2 chambers of the heart
ventricles
these valves keep blood moving keep blood in one direction in the heart, from the atria to the ventricles
AV valves
closing of the av valve makes what kind of sound?
lub sound
closing of the semilunar valves creates the second heart sound?
dub
the heart has inherent contractility, the heart makes the heart beat not the brain, the brain can speed it up or slow it down. cells in the right atrium comprise the pacemaker of the heart.
cardiac conduction system
what is normal heart rhythm?
60-90 beats per minute at rest
(1)the RIGHT side of the heart receives the DEOXYGENATED blood returning from the body. (2) blood enters the vena cava, it moves from right atria through the right atrioventricular valve.(3) then into the right ventricle through the pulmonary seminar lunar valve into the pulmonary trunk on its way to the LUNGS.
pulmonary circuit
the left side of the heart receives OXYGENATED blood returning from the lungs
systemic circuit
a disease of heart or blood vessels or both
cardiovascular disease
begins with fatty streaks that thicken the wall of a blood vessel, these streaks are composed of lipids and cholesterol and white blood cells
atherosclerosis
how does atherosclerosis lead to a heart attack?
the fatty streaks build up over time creating plaque, plaque in the coronary arteries result in a heart attack
what is sustained elevated blood pressure?
hypertension
the pressure of contraction, the force of blood leaving the ventricles and pressing against artery walls( numerator)
systolic pressure
the pressure of ventricular relaxation ( demonaitor)
diastolic pressure
is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure felt through an artery (normal is 120/80)
pulse
why is hypertension dangerous?
it can put pressure on artery walls and cause small tears and build up of plaque
genetics, family history, older age, being african american and male
uncontrollable risks for CVD
low physical activity, eating high salt diet, being overweight, stress, too much alcohol
controllable risk factors for CVD
low density lipoproteins “lethal”( saturated fats meat butter and cheese)
LDL
high density lipoprotein (healthy)(unsaturated fats, olive oil, fish, nuts)
HDL
the pulmonary circuit of the heart carries blood from the … side of the heart to the …
right ; lungs
right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium
pulmonary circuit
left side of the heart> body> right side of the heart> lungs
blood flows through the cardiovascular system
blood returning to the heart from the lungs enters the …
left atrium
deoxygenated blood returning from the brain will first enter into the … of the heart
right atrium
