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N142 > Module 7- Sleep/Spirituality/Nutrition > Flashcards

Module 7- Sleep/Spirituality/Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is sleep?

A

Sleep is a physiological and behavioural process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness

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2
Q

What are the 3 distinct processes that sleep physiology is controlled by?

A
  1. Ultradian process
  2. Homeostatic process
  3. Circadian process
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3
Q

What is the ultradian process?

A

it occurs within the sleep state and is characterized by the alteration of the two sleep stages: non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep

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4
Q

What is the homeostatic and circadian processes?

A

They both work together to regulate the timing and organization of sleep and wakefulness.
homeostatic= dependent on the sleep-wake cycle
circadian= functions to maintain a state of wakefulness

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5
Q

What are the factors that effect the circadian rhythm?

A

BP, light, temperature, social activities, work routines

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6
Q

What do all individuals have that helps synchronize their sleep?

A

All have biological clocks. Someone will have a poor quality of sleep if sleep-wake cycle changes significantly

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7
Q

Where is your body’s major sleep centre?

A

Its the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and the hypothalamus secretes hypocretin’s that promote wakefulness, and the pituitary secrets other hormones

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8
Q

What are the stages of sleep? Describe them

A

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)= where a sleep progresses through 3 stages of increasingly deeper sleep. It is also the transitional stage between wakefulness and sleeping
Rapid eye movement (REM)= behaviourally asleep but physiologically active (brain activity is high, rapid eye movements are occurring, twitching of extremities occur and males frequently develop erections). Most characteristic feature is dreaming. REM sleep is the phase at the end of each sleep cycle

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9
Q

What are the 3 stages of NREM?

A

Stage 1: Light and drowsy sleep
Stage 2: Deeper stage of sleep
Stage 3: Even deeper sleep. Known as delta sleep or slow-wave sleep

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10
Q

What is the normal sleep pattern for an adult?

A
  • begins with a pre-sleep period where person is awake of gradually getting sleepy (usually 10-30min but could last longer if having sleep issues)
  • once asleep, the person usually passes through 4-5 complete sleep cycles per night (3 stages of NREM and 1 REM)
  • stage 1 usually occurs for a few min and sleep can be easily interrupted by talking or touch
  • stage 2 follows for approx. 10-25 min and its not so easily awakened
  • stage 3 goes back to stage 2 and then REM sleep complete sleep cycle
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11
Q

Is most of your sleep spent in NREM or REM?

A

NREM is most because its 75-85% of your sleep

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12
Q

What are the functions and reasons for sleep?

A
  • allows for physiological and psychological restoration
  • REM sleep is necessary for brain tissues restoration and cognitive restoration
  • important for immune function, renal function, regulation of body temp., metabolism of glucose and hormone secretion
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13
Q

How can rest be achieved?

A

reading books, listening to music, sitting quietly

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14
Q

Define religion

A

organized system of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially belief in or the worship of a God or Gods

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15
Q

What are the two ways faith is used?

A

Cultural or institutional

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16
Q

Define transcendence

A

an awareness of something that a person cannot see or know in ordinary physical ways or an experience of fulness that goes beyond daily life

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17
Q

Define atheist and agnostic

A

atheist: do not believe in the existence of God
agnostic: ultimate reality is unknown

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18
Q

What does FICA stand for?

A

Faith and belief: Questions like “do you consider yourself spiritual or religious?”
Importance: “What importance does your spirituality have in your life?”
Community: “Are you a part of a spiritual community?” ex. church/temple
Address in care: “How would you like me, your health care provider, to address these issues in your health care?”

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19
Q

What are two important ethical issues when nurses engage in spiritual care?

A
  1. Understanding/respecting appropriate nurse-patient boundaries
  2. Ensuring you are competent to engage in spiritual care and knowing when you’re beyond your competency
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20
Q

What does SACR-D stand for?

A 
Self awareness
Assessing the patient
Compassionate presence
Referral to additional spiritual support
Dialogue
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21
Q

Where would you document information about religion/spirituality?

A

Narrative charting or a care plan

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22
Q

What is some subjective data for sleep/rest?

A
  • sleep patterns
  • rituals
  • environments
  • time in bed/ time awake
  • quality: do you feel rested?
  • life events/stress: any current issues/sickness
  • any sleeping pills
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23
Q

what is some objective data for sleep/rest?

A
  • bags under eyes

- excessive yawning

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24
Q

define nutritional status

A

the degree of balance between nutrient intake and nutrient requirements

25
Q

What are the standards requirements in the Canadian food guide?

A

F&V: approx. 5-8 servings
Grains: 3-6 for children, 6-8 for adults
Milk and alternatives: 2-4 for children, 2-3 for adults
Meat and alternatives: 1-2 for children, 2-3 for adults

26
Q

What is a nutritional assessment?

A

method of collecting and evaluating data to make decisions about a nutrition-related concern or diagnosis. It includes subjective (medical history, symptoms, dietary intake) and objective data (anthropometric measurements and biochemical measurements)

27
Q

What is the purpose of a nutritional assessment?

A

-to identify individual nutritional requirements
-provide info for designing a nutrition plan of care that will optimize nutrition and meet individual nutrient
requirements
-establish baseline data for evaluating the efficacy of nutritional care

28
Q

define anthropometry

A

measurement and evaluation of growth, development, and body composition

29
Q

what is the body mass index?

A

provides a practical marker of optimal weight for height and indicator of obesity

30
Q

how do you calculate the body mass index (BMI)?

A

weight (in lbs) divided by height (in inches)2 multiplied by 703

31
Q

what does the waist-hip ratio show?

A

reflects body fat distribution as an indicator of health risk

32
Q

how do you calculate the waist-hip ratio?

A

waist circumference divided by the hip circumference

33
Q

how often should you weigh infants/children/adolescents?

A

a regular intervals

34
Q

how often should you weigh pregnant women?

A

measure monthly up to 30 weeks then every 2 weeks until last month

35
Q

what are the essentials of a healthy diet?

A
  1. eating from all food groups and the recommended amounts of F&V’s
  2. limiting intake of foods high in saturated fats, trans fats, added sugars etc
  3. matching calorie intake with calories extended
  4. engaging in 30-60 min physical activity
  5. follow food safety guidelines for handling, preparing, and storing foods
36
Q

what would you document specifically for subjective and objective data for nutrition?

A

subjective: no recent weight changes or appetite changes
objective: no clinical signs of nutrient deficiencies

37
Q

energy is met from what three categories?

A

carbs, proteins, and fats

38
Q

define glycemic index

A

effect on blood glucose levels and insulin response

39
Q

Carbohydrate-rich foods are ranked according to their glycemic index. Give definitions of high and low glycemic index with examples

A

high G.L. are carbs that release glucose rapidly into bloodstream (white bread, candy)
low G.L. are carbs that produce only small fluctuations in blood glucose (barely, lentils) and provide long-term health benefits

40
Q

define holistic nursing

A

regards patients mind, body, spirit

41
Q

what are the main nutrients for your body?

A

carbs, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, minerals

42
Q

what does LDL and HDL stand for?

A

Low density Lipoprotein (fat and protein together-lousy)

High density Lipoprotein (healthy)

43
Q

define optimal nutritional status

A

Consumption of nutrients in amounts that support daily growth and any increased metabolic demand

44
Q

define undernutrition

A

Depletion of nutritional reserves or inadequate intake to meet daily requirements

45
Q

define overnutrition

A

Consumption of nutrients in excess of requirements

46
Q

state factors that influence nutrition

A 
-Food preferences
•Culture 
•Social
•Money
•Religion
•Allergies
•Access
•Dysphagia
•Emotional status
•Mental health status etc.
47
Q

What is the main source of energy in your diet?

A

Carbohydrates (glucose)

48
Q

What part of your diet is essential for tissue growth, maintenance and repair?

A

Proteins (collagen, enzymes)

49
Q

what is the simplest form of protein?

A

Amino acids. Body cant produce them naturally, so you need them in your diet.

50
Q

what are the functions of fats (lipids)?

A

Provides fuel for body, cushions vital organs, lubricates body tissues, insulates and protects cell membranes

51
Q

the negatives of trans fats?

A

found in snack foods, margarine. Increase risk of coronary artery disease, diabetes and increase LDL and lower HDL

52
Q

Do infants have a greater percent of water in body than adults or other way around?

A

yes they have more water in their body. As you age, you decrease water

53
Q

What are challenges that immigrants face with nutrition?

A
  • New and unfamiliar food
  • Food storage and preparation difficulties
  • Limited income
  • Disruption of traditional food habits
  • 24-hour food recall insufficient assessment to
54
Q

What is the BMI range for underweight, normal, overweight, and obese?

A
  • underweight: less than 18.5
  • normal: 18.5-24.9
  • overweight: 25-29.9
  • obesity is greater than 40
55
Q

what cycle of sleep do newborns stay in the most?

A

they spent most time in the third NREM or deep sleep stage. This is why its very difficult to wake sleeping children

56
Q

what changes in the sleeping stages as you age?

A

the older you get the less time you spend in deep sleep (third stage: NREM)

57
Q

how much does the HR slow while sleeping?

A

usually healthy hearts beat 70-80BPM but as you sleep your HR decreases 10-26 fewer times each minute

58
Q

list biological functions that decrease during sleep?

A

respirations, BP, muscle tone, urine production, hormone secretion

59
Q

what is the BMR?

A

its the basal metabolic rate that is the energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities (breathing, circulation, heart rate, and temperature)

N142 (10 decks)

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