Module 7: Roots

Question 1

What are the 4 main functions of a root?

Answer 1

Anchorage
Absorption
Conduction
Storage

Question 2

What are the 2 root systems?

Answer 2

Tap root and fibrous root systems

Question 3

What is a tap root system and its characteristics?

What are the plants that has this root system?

Answer 3

One main root spreads into smaller roots
Strong anchorage
Dicot plants

Question 4

What is a fibrous root system and its characteristics?

What are the plants that has this root system?

Answer 4

Several adventitious roots of equal size
Weak anchorage
Spreads horizontally
Monocot plants

Question 5

What are the characteristics of a root cap?

Answer 5

Covers root tip
Protects apical meristem
Grows downward
Has statocytes (gravity perception)
Has communication with soil microbiota

Question 6

What happens if the root cap is removed?

Answer 6

Root grows randomly

Question 7

What are the characteristics of a root hair?

Answer 7

Short-lived, unicellular extensions of epidermis near growing root tip
Absorption of roots, increase of surface area of root with soil

Question 8

What is an endodermis?

Answer 8

Innermost layer of cortex
Prevents water and dissolved materials to enter xylem

Question 9

What is a casparian strip?

Answer 9

Waterproof band around endodermis
Ensures water and minerals enter xylem through endodermal cells

Question 10

What are the 4 types of modified roots?

Answer 10

Prop roots
Contractile roots
Pneumatophores
Buttress roots