MODULE 7 - PREVENTION AND CTRL Flashcards
Vaccine against MTB is called
BCG (Bacillus of Calmette and
Guerin)
BCG is consists of a live attenuated strain derived from [?]. It is given at birth (or anytime after birth) as a single dose by
intradermal route. It is a component part of the National Immunization
Program in the Philippines.
Mycobacterium bovis
The BCG vaccine is not 100% effective. Studies suggest a [?] % effective
rate in children.
60-80%
The BCG vaccine does not prevent [?], only disease. BCG given at
earliest possible age protects the possibility of TB meningitis and other TB
infections in which infants are prone.
infection
The BCG vaccine cannot circumvent [?] in previously exposed individuals
disease reactivation
BCG Vaccination may complicate the way the tuberculin skin test is read
because it causes [?]. In places that do not vaccinate, the skin test may be used to monitor the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy.
false positives
Prompt initiation of effective TB treatment of people with TB disease is recommended to reduce MTB transmission.
Treatment
Treatment is given to individuals who are at risk of developing active TB disease to reduce that risk and transmission. Also referred to as LTBI treatment or preventive therapy.
TB Preventive treatment (TPT)
Covering one’s mouth when coughing minimizes the spread of potentially infectious aerosols, including those laden with MTB. Surgical face masks should be used among patients presumed or confirmed to have infectious PTB until they are deemed non-infectious.
Respiratory separatio
[?] people with presumed or demonstrated infectious TB is recommended to reduce MTB transmission
Isolation
have greatly reduced M. bovis infections.
Eradication of tuberculosis in cattle; pasteurization of milk
Control measures depend on:
1. Prompt and adequate treatment of all discovered cases.
2. Follow up on sources of infection and their contacts so they can be
treated.
3. Educating people about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including
providing information about the proper use of barrier contraceptives.
4. Serologic screening of high-risk populations should be performed, and to
avoid congenital syphilis, pregnant women should undergo serologic
testing during early and late pregnancy.
Treponema pallidum
Chemoprophylaxis — The antibiotics of choice are [?, ?]. Since mycoplasmas lack a cell wall, the penicillins and
cephalosporins are ineffective.
- tetracycline (adults only)
- erythromycin
Patient isolation is a problem due to the long duration of the disease. It is
problematic to isolate patients to avoid close contact for a long period of
time
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
No vaccines are currently available
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Isolation of patients
- Chemoprophylaxis and constant surveillance of high risk populations to
discover early cases, particularly among those in close contact
(household members and/or relatives) with diseased persons - Therapeutic trials may also be indicated for patients whose signs and
symptoms are suggestive of the disease but who do not have a definitive
diagnosis
Leprosy prevention
is primarily controlled by prompt antimicrobial therapy which is most effective when performed before permanent damage to nerves
and other tissues has occurred
M. leprae infection
can be prevented by good personal and public hygiene, especially improvements in measures to avoid overcrowding and in delousing
Louse-borne relapsing fever
is best prevented by practices that limit exposure to ticks includes wearing protective clothing, rodent control, and the use of repellents
Tick-borne relapsing fever
Prevention is based on avoidance of exposure to ticks. Protective clothing must be worn and repellents should be used in areas where the risk of tick exposure is possible
Borreliella (formerly Borrelia) burgdorferi
Attached ticks should be removed immediately because pathogen
transmission is associated with the length of attachment
Borreliella (formerly Borrelia) burgdorferi
Environmental control of ticks by application of insecticides can reduce the
number of tick larvae for a season
Borreliella (formerly Borrelia) burgdorferi
• Control measures include:
- Rodent elimination and drainage of contaminated waters.
- Preventing exposure to potentially contaminated water and reducing contamination by rodent control by wearing protective clothing (e.g., boots and gloves) in situations involving possible occupational
exposure.
- Short-term prophylaxis consisting of weekly doxycycline therapy may be appropriate in high-risk groups with expected occupational exposure.
Leptospira interrogans
