module 7 part 1 activity across lifespan

Question 1

what are positive outcome of early sports participation

Answer 1

Physical health: cardiovascular fitness, muscular fitness, decreases risk for health conditions

Psychological Development: enjoyable experiences, reduced stress, improved confidence

Social Development: opportunity to learn teamwork, leadership skills, develop meaningful relationships

Question 2

what are negative outcomes of early sports participation

Answer 2

Physical health: potential for overuse injuries, eating disorders, use of PEDs

Psychological Development: potential for burnout, perceptions of pressure to perform, decreased confidence

Social Development:, potential to receive/deliver aggressive behavior, increased delinquency, underage drinking

Question 3

what is deliberative play

Answer 3

playing for fun

flexible rules

monitored by children

Question 4

What is deliberate practice?

Answer 4

playing sports to improve expertise

structed activities & rules

monitored by adults

Question 5

what is early specialization?

Answer 5

practicing one sport as often as possible (excluding other sports)

high amounts of deliberate practice, low amounts of deliberate play

Question 6

what is sampling?

Answer 6

• Participating in a wide range of
  sports
• High amounts of deliberate play
  during initiation/development
• May eventually specialize in one
  sport

Question 7

what are the benefits and costs of Early specialization in sport?

Answer 7

Early Specialization: children that start practicing one sport earlier are more likely to achieve mastery

Physical benefits:
-sport specific skills learned

Psychosocial benefits:
-self-confidence in one sport

Physical costs:
-increased injuries and reduced health
-increased risk of poor sleep habits

Psychosocial costs:
-Lack of diverse experiences
-increased stress, anxiety etc
-burnout
-pressure from parents and coaching staff

Question 8

what are the 4 C’s of the Positive Youth Development (PYD)

Answer 8

Competence
- skill and understanding to perform a task

Confidence
- confidence in your ability to do task

Connection
-relatedness making meaningful relationships

Character
- making leadership skills

Question 9

what are the 3 Ps?

Answer 9

performance
- solely on success and winning

participation
-providing opportunity for physically active

Personal development
- building leadership, resilience, self-efficacy etc

Question 10

how do the 4Cs and 3Ps relate?

Answer 10

the 4Cs are general outcomes and the 3Ps are ideal outcomes for youth sport

Question 11

what are the different types of social support for PYD?

Answer 11

1. Emotional support
-Comfort during times of distress

2. Informational support
-Advice or guidance

3. Tangible support
-Provision of concrete resources (ex. financial support, giving money to kids to buy lunch before practice)

4. Network support
-Companionship (having positive experiences with others during sport)

Question 12

what are Positive Parental Influences of PYD?
5

Answer 12

• Parents’ participation
• Encouragement
• Task goal orientation
• Disciplining their child for
  misbehaving in practices
• Being good fair-play role
  models

Question 13

what are Negative Parental Influences of PYD?

Answer 13

• Outcome-based love attention
• Coaching child from sidelines
  (contradicting coach)
• Encouraging cheating to win
• Saying negative things to
  opposing players
• Parent fighting with other
  parents or coaches

Question 14

What are coach influences of PYD? what does evidence say about it?

Answer 14

Develop a coaching philosophy
and monitor behaviour (being clear on what your goals are as a coach ex. winning)

Develop meaningful relationships
with athletes (taking intrest on athletes sports outside of sport ex. hows school)

Pay attention to role modelling
behaviors (reinforcing better behavior)

Question 15

What are positive Peer Influences of PYD?

Answer 15

• Sense of belonging/relatedness
• Self-esteem
• Competence
• More autonomous motivation
• Enjoyment and commitment
• Ongoing participation in sport

Question 16

what is True competition and Decompetiton?

Answer 16

True competition: defeating an opponent is a “natural “part of the game; positive peer relationships are maintained regardless of the outcome

Decompetiton: demonstrating superiority over others is the sole focus of the game

decompetition can have a negative outcome in PYD

Question 17

give a summary of PYD and how it is attained

Answer 17

Social influences -> 4Cs -> 3Ps