Module 7 Lesson 1 Flashcards
generally supplied as finely divided powder or as effervescent granules
Oral powder
solution in water release carbon dioxide
effervescent powder
prepared in the form of bulk powder (soap or detergent) with mild abrasive and anticaries effect.
Dentrices
dissolved in water prior to use as antiseptic or cleaning agent for a body cavity (e.g. vagina)
Douche
applied locally to various parts of the body as adsorbents, antiseptics, antipruritic, astringents and antiperspirants.
Dusting powder
introduced into the body cavities such as the ears, nose, throat, tooth sockets, and vagina with the use of insufflator (powder blower).
Insufflations
are dosage forms in which unit doses of powder, semisolid, or liquid drugs are enclosed in a hard or soft, water- soluble container or shell of gelatin.
Capsule
are dosage forms containing drug substance with or without suitable diluents and are prepared by either compression or molding method
Tablet
tablet coated with a colored or uncolored sugar layer.
Sugar-coated tablet (SCT)
tablets coated with a thin layer of polymer capable of forming a skin like film.
Film-coated Tablet (FCT)
made by more than 1 compression to separate incompatible ingredients or to modify duration of
Multiple-compressed Tablet (FCT
a capsule shaped compressed tablet that allows the coated product to be about one-third smaller than a capsule filled with an equivalent amount of powder.
Gelatin coated (gelcap)
involves placing the tablet between the gums and the inner lining of the cheek (buccal pouch)
Buccal tablets
involves placing a drug under the tongue
Sublingual tablets
small, cylindrical tablets containing small amounts of potent drugs.
Tablet triturates
also known as compounding tablets, pharmacist used them to compound prescription.
Dispensing tablets (DT)
designed to release the drug’s active ingredient gradually over the day
Controlled-release Tablet (CRT)
designed to disintegrate and release their medication with no special rate controlling features
Immediate release tablets
used in extemporaneous preparations of parenteral solutions.
Hypodermic tablets (HT)
discoid shaped solid containing the medicinal agent in suitable flavored base
Lozenges/Troches/Past illes
are lozenges type of oral solid dosage form with a short stick inserted into it which produces local effect in the mouth
Lollipops
small, round, solid dosage form containing medicinal agents for oral administration
Pills
related to capsules in as much as they provide an edible container for the oral administration of solid drugs
Cachet
composed of small, solid particles of uniform shape sometimes called the beads.
Pellets
They are intended for insertion into body orifices (rectum, vagina, or urethra).
Suppositories and inserts
Semi-solid and transdermal dosage forms
Ointments, creams, gels
viscous liquid or semi solid emulsions of
O/W or W/O type
Creams
made up of either small inorganic particles or
large organic molecules enclosing and
interpenetrated by a liquid.
Gels
deliver drugs directly
through the skin and into the bloodstream.
Transdermal prep
homogenous mixtures of one or more solutes dispersed in a dissolving medium (solvent).
Solutions
Liquid dosage forms
•Water
•Aqueous solutions
•Non-aqueous solutions
used mainly as a vehicle and as a solvent for the desired flavoring or medicinal ingredients.
Water
clear saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils
Aromatic water
inorganic acids and certain acids of greater importance in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing
Aqueous acids
directed against a part or into a cavity of the body. They function as a cleansing agent or antiseptic agent.
Douches
can be retention or evacuation enemas.
Enemas
used for treating the nasopharynx by forcing air from the lungs through gargle which is held in the throat.
Gargles
most often used for their deodorizing, refreshing and antiseptic effect.
Mouthwashes
concentrated solutions of sugar in water or other aqueous liquid
Syrups
thick liquid preparations used as a base
Honey
thick, viscid, adhesive liquids produced by dispersing gum in water or by extracting with water from vegetable substances
Mucilages
class of gel in which contain a high proportion of liquid, usually water. They are used as lubricant for surgical gloves, catheters, and rectal thermometer.
Jellies
contains pyroxylin in a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol. They are applied to the skin by a soft brush applicator
Collodion
clear, pleasantly flavored sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids used as flavors and vehicles.
Elixir
solution or mixture of medicinal substances in not less than 50% by weight of glycerin.
Glycerin or glycerites
administered by nasal or oral respiratory route for local or systemic effect.
Inhalations & inhalants
solutions or mixtures of various substances in oil, alcoholic solutions of soap or emulsion.
Liniments
fish liver oils diluted with edible vegetable oil or solution of volatile substances of the indicated vitamins or in vitamin concentrates (vit. A and D) in fish liver oil.
Oleo vitamins
alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances used as inhalation or as flavoring agent
Spirits
used for temporary relief of toothache
Toothache drops
are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of chemical or soluble constituents of vegetable drugs.
Tinctures
liquid preparation of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative, or both
Fluid extracts
are dispersions of finely divided solid particles of a drug in a liquid medium in which the drug is not readily soluble
Suspensions
consists of 2 immiscible liquid phases – dispersed as globules (dispersed phase) and a liquid phase (continuous phase) that are stabilized by an emulsifying agent
Emulsions
are pressurized dosage forms that upon actuation emit a fine dispersion of liquid and/or solid
Aerosols
ntended to be administered by injection under or through one or more layers of skin. They are usually packed in ampules or vials.
Parenteral preparations
a combination of one or more sterile products added to an IV fluid for administration.
Intravenous admixture
– sterile, large volume solutions intended to be administered via infusions; They contain sugar, amino acids and electrolytes.
Intravenous fluids
contains amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and other nutrients in sufficient quantities.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
a suspension of attenuated (live) or inactivated (killed) microbes to stimulate production of antibodies
Vaccines
a chemically modified toxin from a pathogenic microorganism, which is no longer toxic but is still antigenic and can be used as a vaccine.
Toxoids
contain that specific antibodies obtained from the blood of humans
Human immune sera
contains antibodies from the pooled plasma of not less than 1,000 normal individuals
Immunoglobulin
a special preparation obtained from human donor pools selected for high antibody titer against a specific disease
Hyper immune serum
containing antibodies from the pooled plasma of not less than 1,000 normal individuals
Antitoxins
– a solution of antibodies derived from the serum of animals immunized with specific viral vaccines.
Antiviral serum
a preparation of antibodies derived from the serum of animal immunized with specific venom
Antivenin
sterile preparations to be used on the eyes
Opthalmic
•Solution, suspension, ointment •Lens care products
•Wetting and cleaning solutions •Disinfecting solutions •Soaking solutions
•Artificial tears
Types of opthalmic solutions
administered by nasal or respiratory route
Inhalation solutions
placed in the ear canal in small amounts for removal of excess cerumen or for treatment of ear infection, inflammation or pain
Otic preparations
radioisotopes used in medicine for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes
Radiopharmaceuticals
