Module 7 Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Define ‘pathogen’

A

A causative agent of infectious diseases. E.g. disease-causing microbes, viruses, and parasites.

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2
Q

Define ‘infectious disease’

A

A disease that can be spread from one organism to another and is caused by a pathogen.

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3
Q

Define ‘non-infectious disease’

A

A disease that is not caused by pathogens. It is caused by genetics, the environment, and/or malfunctions within cells.

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4
Q

Define ‘disease’

A

Any condition that disrupts the normal functioning of an organism. It usually causes symptoms ranging from mild to severe.

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5
Q

Define ‘health’

A

The overall well-being of an individual.

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6
Q

Define ‘zoonotic’

A

Disease transferred between humans and animals.

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7
Q

What are the causes of well-known infectious diseases?

A

Infectious agents such as bacteria, parasites, fungi, viruses, and protozoa.

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8
Q

Microorganisms

A

Bacteria (most are not pathogenic, pathogenic bacteria causes many diseases e.g. food poisoning, plant disease, whooping cough, prokaryotic),
Fungi (eukaryotic, causes skin infections), protozoa (unicellular, causes disease in plants and animals)

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9
Q

Macroorganisms

A

Tapeworms, fleas, nematodes, etc.

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10
Q

What are non-cellular pathogens?

A

Non-living agents that require host cells to reproduce, use the reproductive mechanism of the host cell to replicate themselves, made up of nucleic acids, protein, or both

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11
Q

Steps of a virus (6)

A

Attachment, penetration, undistinguished, release, assembly, biosynthesis.

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12
Q

What’s ‘transmission’?

A

The way a pathogen spreads disease from one host to the next.

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13
Q

What’s ‘direct transmission’?

A

Contact between the reservoir or infected host and a new host e.g. sexual contact, biting, and fighting

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14
Q

What is ‘indirect transmission’?

A

Requires an intermediate between one host and the next. E.g. air

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15
Q

What are vectors?

A

Mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, and flies. Some pathogens require a vector to complete their life cycle and reach maturity in an intermediate host.

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16
Q

Pathogen size order smallest to largest:
Prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, ectoparasites, endoparasites.

A

Prions, bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoans, ectoparasites, endoparasites.

17
Q

Why is cleanliness in food, water, and personal hygiene practices essential for controlling the spread of diseases?

A

Prevents the growth and development of microbes, thus impedes spread of bacteria and virus.