Module 7 Flashcards
What type of muscle tissue is considered voluntary?
Skeletal
What two types of muscle tissue are considered involuntary?
Smooth
Cardiac
Which Muscle tissues have striatations?
Cardiac
Skeletal
Does a muscle push?
No!
It pulls
What are the four characteristics of muscles?
Generates heat
Movement
Posture
Stability
What is an aponneurosis?
A broad flat tendon
What are the cord-like structures that attach skeletal muscle to bone?
Tendons
What is the more proximal or attached part of a muscle that is immoveable or less moveable on the bone?
Origin
What is the more distal, more moveable attachment of the muscle?
Insertion
What is an isotonic contraction?
The muscle changes in length and moves the load
What is an isometric contraction?
The load is greater then the tension that the muscle is able to develop, the muscle never shortens or lengthens
What are the two subdivisions of an isotonic contraction?
Concentric- shortening when contracting
Eccentric- lengthening when contracting
What type of contraction is it when you pick up a glass?
Concentric
What type of contraction is it when you are lowering a glass?
Eccentric
When you are holding the glass, what kind of contraction is it?
Isometric
What is a Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasm and the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Sacrolemma- plasma membrane of muscle cells
Sarcoplasm- Cytoplasm of muscle cell
Sarcoplasmic reticulum- The endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells
Skeletal muscles has __ connnective tissue sheaths. The innermost sheath consistening of _____ connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers and is called ______.
3
Areolar
Endomysium
The _____ is an individual connective tissue sheath surrounding groups of muscle fibers called ______.
Perimysium
Fascicles
The outermost sheath called ______ wraps around the entire muscle to help transfer force generated by _______. It consists of _________ tissue
Epimysium
contraction
Dense regular
What is a fascicle wrapped by?
Perimysium
What is the difference between a sacrolemma and an endomysium?
Sacrolemma- cell membrane
Endomysin- what wraps around the cell membrane or sarcolemma
What are myrofibirils?
Rod-like strands in a sarcomere
What is a sarcomere?
The space between two Z Discs
The smallest or ______ unit of a muscle fiber is called a ______. It is defined as a region between two successive _______
functional
sarcomere
Z Disc
What is a thick filament made of in a sarcomere?
Myosin
What is a thin filament made of in a sarcomere?
Actin
What does the A band contain?
Thin and Thick filaments
What does the I band contain?
Thin filaments ONLY
What does the Z disc contain?
Thick and Thin filaments
What happens to the length of the Actin and the Myosin when a muscle contracts?
Length does not change!
They only slide past each other
What is contained in the center of the A band? What is this also known as?
only myosin
H-zone
The dark line running down the H zone is made of ______ and is also known as ______.
Myosin
M-line
What part of the Sarcomere can disappear or get smaller?
H-zone
How does skeletal muscle contract?
Stomatic motor innervation direct to each fiber of the cell
What is a neuromuscular junction?
where the nerve ending and the fiber meets
What is a motor unit?
Motor neruon and all the fibers it innervates
Which would be considered a large motor usage? A slap, or a touch?
Slap
Does a large or small motor unit recruit less muscle cells?
small
What is the gap between motor neurons and muscle fibers at the neuromuscular function?
Synaptic cleft
What does ACh stand for?
Acetylcholine
Epimysium of muscle is fused to the periosteum of a bone or cartilage
Direct attachment
Connective tissue wraps extending beyond the muscle as a rope like tendon or sheet known as an aponeurosis
Indirect attachment
Perfectly aligned repeating series of A bands and light I bands
Striations
Coin-shaped sheet of proteins that anchor the thin filaments and connect myrofibrils to eachother
Z disc
Lighter midregion were filaments do not overlap
H zone
Line of protein myomesin that holds thick filaments together
M Line
Thick filaments
Run the entire length of an A band
Thin Filaments
Runs the entire length of the I band and into the pathway of the A band.
A network of mooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounding each myofibril
Sarcoplasmic Reiculum
A metabolic pathway that take ADP and a P and creates ATP
Direct phosphorlation
A type of metabolic pathway that uses pyrubates and glycolosis and end in lactic acid
Anaerobic respiration
A type of metabolic pathway that burns glucose using O2
Aerobic respiration
What is it called when you reach the minimal stimulus in a muscle twitch?
Threshold stimulus
What is a compound from ADP to ATP?
creatine phosphate
A metabolic pathway that produces ATP and lactic acid
anaerobic respiration
Metabolic pathway that produces water and C02 with ATP
Aerobic respiration
Which muscle fiber is responsible for posture and for running long races?
slow oxidative
What muscle fiber is responsible for sprinting a race?
fast oxidative
What muscle fiber is responsible for lifting a heavy load for a short time?
fast glycolytic
Where is smooth muscle found?
walls of hollow organs
What makes smooth muscle different from skeletal muscle?
smooth is uninuclei and involuntary
What is T tubule and 2 terminal cisternae?
Triad
What is the part of the sarcolemma that carries action potential?
T Tubules
What is the part of the sarcoplasmic reticiulum that stores calcium ions?
terminal cisternae
Which band is dark and which is light?
A band
I band
What is the name of the condition where you become rigid after death?
Rigor Mortis
What causes you to seeze during rigor mortis?
Lack of ATP after death
