Module 7 Flashcards
A telecommunications network that spans over a relatively large geographical area and is required to connect beyond the boundary of the LAN
WAN
What does WAN stand for?
Wide Area Network
What does MTTR mean?
mean time to repair
What does MTBF mean?
mean time between failure
Which type of WAN is a connection that is dedicated to a single customer
Private WAN
Which type of WAN connection is typically provided by an ISP or telecommunications service provider using the internet
Public WAN
WAN topology, which employs a point-to-point circuit between two endpoints. This connection is transparent to the customer network
Point-to-Point Topology
This WAN topology enables a single interface on the hub router to be shared by all spoke circuits
Hub-and-Spoke Topology
The ___ router represents a single point of failure. If it fails, inter-spoke communication also fails
hub
WAN topology that is similar to a star topology
Hub-and-Spoke Topology
WAN topology which offers enhanced network redundancy, load balancing, distributed computing and processing, and the ability to implement backup service provider connections
Dual-homed Topology
The most fault-tolerant topology
Fully Meshed Topology
WAN topology which connects many but not all sites
Partially Meshed Topology
Carrier connection when an organization connects to only one service provider
single-carrier
Carrier connection that provides redundancy and increases network availability. The organization negotiates separate SLAs with two different service providers.
dual-carrier connection
Network size wherein a company uses a single LAN connected to a wireless router for sharing data and peripherals
Small Network
What does DSL stand for?
Digital Subscriber Line
What is the network size of a company which uses a firewall to secure internet access to corporate users, and has an in-house IT staff
Campus Area Network (CAN)
To connect to the central office, branch offices in nearby cities used private dedicated lines through their local service provider. What type of network does the company need?
metropolitan area network (MAN)
What does VPN stand for?
Virtual Private Network
What does TIA/EIA stand for?
Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronic Industries Alliance
What does ISO stand for?
International Organization for Standardization
What does IEEE stand for?
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
WAN Layer 1 protocols
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET)
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SONET
Synchronous Optical Networking
DWDM
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
MPLS
Multiprotocol Label Switching
HDLC
High-Level Data Link Control
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Connects the subscriber LANs to the WAN communication device
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
Device used to communicate with the provider
Data Communications Equipment (DCE)
The point where the subscriber connects to the service provider network
Point-of-Presence (POP)
This is the DTE and DCE devices located on the enterprise edge
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
The physical location in a building or complex that officially separates the CPE from service provider equipment.
Demarcation Point
The copper or fiber cable that connects the CPE to the CO of the service provider
Local Loop (last mile)
The local service provider facility or building that connects the CPE to the provider network
Central Office
Includes backhaul, long-haul, all-digital, fiber-optic communications lines, switches, routers, and other equipment inside the WAN provider network
Toll network
Connects multiple access nodes of the service provider network
Backhaul network
Large, high-capacity networks used to interconnect service provider networks and to create a redundant network
Backbone network
Collectively known as broadband modems, these high-speed digital modems connect to the DTE router using Ethernet
DSL Modem / Cable Modem
connects a digital device to a digital line.
CSU/DSU
CSU
channel service unit
DSU
data service unit
____ communication transmits bits sequentially over a single channel.
In contrast, ___ communications simultaneously transmit several bits using multiple wires
Serial; Parallel
Establishes a dedicated virtual connection through the service provider network before communication can start
circuit-switched network
PSTN
public switched telephone network
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
Segments traffic data into packets that are routed over a shared network. Much less expensive and more flexible than circuit switching.
Packet-Switched Network
A global standard for transporting data over fiber-optic cable
SDH
The North American standard that provides the same services as SDH
SONET
A newer technology that increases the data-carrying capacity of SDH and SONET by simultaneously sending multiple streams of data (multiplexing) using different wavelengths of light.
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
_____ are available in different fixed capacities and are generally priced based on the bandwidth required and the distance between the two connected points.
Leased lines
Two systems used to define the digital capacity of a copper media serial link:
T-carrier (used in North America) and E-carrier (used in Europe)
A circuit-switching technology that enables the PSTN local loop to carry digital signals. This provided higher capacity switched connections than dialup access. It provides for data rates from 45 Kbps to 2.048 Mbps
ISDN
A simple Layer 2 non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA) WAN technology that is used to interconnect enterprise LANs. Creates PVCs which are uniquely identified by a data-link connection identifier (DLCI).
Frame Relay
This technology is capable of transferring voice, video, and data through private and public networks and are always a fixed length of 53 bytes
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Fiber that can be installed independently by an organization to connect remote locations directly together.
Dedicated broadband
Enables sites to connect to the provider regardless of its access technologies
MPLS
EoMPLS
Ethernet over MPLS
VPLS
Virtual Private LAN Service
A high-performance service provider WAN routing technology to interconnect clients without regard to access method or payload
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Connectivity option which uses permanent cabling (e.g., copper or fiber) to provide consistent bandwidth and reduce error rates and latency. Examples: DSL, cable connections, and optical fiber networks.
Wired options
Connectivity option that is less expensive to implement compared to other WAN connectivity options because they use radio waves instead of wired media to transmit data. Examples: cellular 3G/4G/5G or satellite internet services.
Wireless Options
A high-speed, always-on, connection technology that uses existing twisted-pair telephone lines to provide IP services to users.
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
A DSLAM is located at the Central Office (CO) of the provider and concentrates connections from multiple DSL subscribers. What doe DSLAM stand for?
DSL access multiplexer
The PPPoE client software communicates with the DSL modem using PPPoE and the modem communicates with the ISP using PPP.
Host with PPoE Client
The router is the PPPoE client and obtains its configuration from the provider.
Router PPPoE Client
a high-speed always-on connection technology that uses a coaxial cable from the cable company to provide IP services to users
Cable technology
DOCSIS is the international standard for adding high-bandwidth data to an existing cable system. What does DOCSIS stand for?
Data over Cable Service Interface Specification
What does CMTS stand for?
Cable Modem Termination System
What is it called when fiber reaches the boundary of the residence
Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
What is it called when Fiber reaches the boundary of the building with the final connection to the individual living space being made via alternative means.
Fiber to the Building (FTTB)
Optical cabling reaches an optical node that converts optical signals to a format acceptable for twisted pair or coaxial cable to the premise.
Fiber to the Node/Neighborhood (FTTN)
Municipal wireless networks that are available in many cities providing high-speed internet access for free, or for substantially less than the price of other broadband services.
Municipal Wi-Fi
Increasingly used to connect devices to the internet using radio waves to communicate through a nearby mobile phone tower. 3G/4G/5G and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) are cellular technologies.
Cellular
Typically used by rural users or in remote locations where cable and DSL are not available
Satellite Internet
Provides high-speed broadband service with wireless access and provides broad coverage like a cell phone network rather than through small Wi-Fi hotspots.
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
an encrypted connection between private networks over a public network
VPN
