Module 6.2 - Nitrogen compounds, polymers and synthesis Flashcards
How do you get an amine?
If one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia is replaced with an organic group.
If a nitrogen atom is bonded to two alkyl groups and 1 hydrogen atom, what type of amine is it?
Secondary amine.
What makes amines bases?
There’s a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of an amine that’s able to accept protons (H+ ions).
What is produced when amines are neutralised by acids?
Ammonium salts.
How can aliphatic amines be made from haloalkanes?
Amines can be made by heating a haloalkane with an excess of ethanolic ammonia (ammonia dissolved in ethanol).
Why would you need to separate the products of aliphatic amines using fractional distillation?
In the experiment, you will get a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts, as more than one hydrogen is likely to be substituted.
What kind of reaction is the reaction using haloalkanes to form amines?
A nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Describe the 2 steps of how aromatic amines are made by reducing a nitrocompounds such as benzene?
1) Heat a mixture of a nitro compound, tin metal and concentrated hydrochloric acid under reflux - this makes a salt.
2) To get the aromatic amine, you have to add sodium hydroxide.
Why do amides behave differently to amines?
The carbonyl group pulls electrons away from the rest of the -CONH2 group.
What is the functional groups of amides?
-CONH2
What is the general formula of an amino acid?
RCH(NH2)COOH
How can amino acids react with acids and alkalis?
The carboxylic acid in an amino acid can react with an alkali to form a conjugate base which can combine with a positive ion to form a salt. The amine group can also react with an acid to form a salt of the conjugate acid.
How can amino acids form esters?
The carboxylic acid group in an amino acid can react with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst (normally sulfuric acid) to form an ester.
What does amino acids being amphoteric mean?
They can act as both acids and bases.
How is a zwitterion formed?
The acidic carboxyl group and the basic amine interact with each other to form a salt called a zwitterion, at a specific pH called the isoelectric point.
