Module #6: The Cell

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

The breakdown of absorbed substances.

Question 2

Respiration

Answer 2

The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy.

Question 3

Excretion

Answer 3

The removal of soluble waste materials.

Question 4

Egestion

Answer 4

The removal of nonsoluble waste materials.

Question 5

Secretion

Answer 5

The release of biosynthesized substances.

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

Maintaining the status quo.

Question 7

Reproduction

Answer 7

Producing more cells.

Question 8

Cytology

Answer 8

The study of cells.

Question 9

Cell Wall

Answer 9

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells (usually plant and bacteria cells).

Question 10

Middle Lamella

Answer 10

The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells.

Question 11

Plasma membrane

Answer 11

The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell’s surroundings.

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which organelles are suspended.

Question 13

Ions

Answer 13

Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons.

Question 14

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Answer 14

The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement in the cell’s contents.

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.

Question 16

Lysosome

Answer 16

The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reaction that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids.

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 18

An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that preforms several tasks within a cell.

Question 19

Rough ER

Answer 19

ER that is dotted with ribosomes.

Question 20

Smooth ER

Answer 20

ER that has no ribosomes.

Question 21

Leucoplasts

Answer 21

Organelles that store starches or oils.

Question 22

Chromoplasts

Answer 22

Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis.

Question 23

Central Vacuole

Answer 23

A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes.

Question 24

Waste Vacuoles

Answer 24

Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion.

Question 25

Phagocytosis

Answer 25

The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells.

Question 26

Phagocytic Vacuole

Answer 26

The vacuole that holds the matter that a cell engulfs.

Question 27

Pinocytic Vesicle

Answer 27

Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow absorption of large molecules.

Question 28

Secretion Vesicle

Answer 28

Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released.

Question 29

Golgi Bodies

Answer 29

The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and modified to suit the needs of the cell.

Question 30

Microtubules

Answer 30

Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure.

Question 31

Absorption

Answer 31

The transport of dissolved substances into cells.