Module #6: The Cell Flashcards
Digestion
The breakdown of absorbed substances.
Respiration
The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy.
Excretion
The removal of soluble waste materials.
Egestion
The removal of nonsoluble waste materials.
Secretion
The release of biosynthesized substances.
Homeostasis
Maintaining the status quo.
Reproduction
Producing more cells.
Cytology
The study of cells.
Cell Wall
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells (usually plant and bacteria cells).
Middle Lamella
The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells.
Plasma membrane
The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell’s surroundings.
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which organelles are suspended.
Ions
Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons.
Cytoplasmic Streaming
The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement in the cell’s contents.
Mitochondria
The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.
Lysosome
The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reaction that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids.
Ribosomes
Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that preforms several tasks within a cell.
Rough ER
ER that is dotted with ribosomes.
Smooth ER
ER that has no ribosomes.
Leucoplasts
Organelles that store starches or oils.
Chromoplasts
Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis.
Central Vacuole
A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes.
Waste Vacuoles
Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion.
Phagocytosis
The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells.
Phagocytic Vacuole
The vacuole that holds the matter that a cell engulfs.
Pinocytic Vesicle
Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow absorption of large molecules.
Secretion Vesicle
Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released.
Golgi Bodies
The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and modified to suit the needs of the cell.
Microtubules
Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure.
Absorption
The transport of dissolved substances into cells.
