Module 6: Section 2 Flashcards
What is an amine?
Organic derivative of ammonia.
If one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia is replaced with an organic group, you get an amine.
Why are amines bases?
Lone pair on the nitrogen atom is able to accept protons.
How do you make amines?
Heating a haloalkane with an excess of ethanolic ammonia.
How are aromatic amines made?
Reduce a nitro compound:
- Heat with Sn, conc HCl under reflux.
- Add NaOH
Nitrobenzene + 6[H] –> Phenylamine + 2H2O
What functional group do amides have?
-CONH2-
Amides are derivatives of what?
Amides are derivatives of carboxylic acids.
OH group is replaced by NH2
What functional groups do amino acids have?
Basic amino group (NH2) and an acidic carboxyl group (COOH).
What is the general formula for amino acids?
RCH(NH2)COOH
How can amino acids from esters?
Reagant?
The carboxylic group reacts with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst (H2SO4) Wto form an ester.
What are the 2 types of polymerisation?
Addition and Condensation.
How does addition polymerisation occur?
The double bond in alkenes opens up and molecules join together to form long chains.
How does condensation polymerisation occur?
Functional group on one monomer reacts with a group on the other monomer to form a link, creating the polymer chain.
A small molecule is lost (usually H2O)
What link occurs in polyesters?
Ester link -COO-
What link occurs in polyamides?
Amide link -CONH-
How can condensation polymerisation be reversed?
Reversed by hydrolysis - water molecules are added and links are broken.
What 2 monomers join to form polyamides?
Dicarboxylic acids and Diamines.
What 2 monomers join to form polyesters?
Dicarboxylic acids and Diols.
What is a benefit of refluxing?
Reagants aren’t lost as the vapours are condensed and recycled back into the flask. This gives them time to react..
What is a problem of refluxing?
It can cause the desired product to react further.
How can you purify an organic product that is solid?
Recrystallisation.
Add a hot solvent to the impure solid until it just dissolves.
Solution is left to cool down.
Crystals of the product form.
Impurities stay in the solution.
Crystals are removed by filtration and washed.
How can you separate an organic solid from any liquid impurities?
Filter it under reduced pressure.
Reaction mixture is poure into a funnel with a piece of filter paper in it.
A vaccuum line is connected, causing the reduced pressure.
Causes suction through the funnel, making the liquid pass into the funnel, leaving behind dry crystals
