Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 6 > module 6 rm > Flashcards

module 6 rm Flashcards

1
Q

What is Academic writing

A

A tool for sharing the results of a scientific
research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the Characteristics of scientific research

A
  1. The goal is inference
  2. The procedures are public / transmissible / cumulative
  3. Conclusions are uncertain / Falsifiable
  4. The method!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main components of the research design

A
  1. Research topic & research question/puzzle
  2. Literature review
  3. Concepts/Theoretical framework
  4. [Hypothesis] ?
  5. Data collection methods
  6. Data analysis methods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the components of the research design lead to

A

Writing the final report (dissertation, PhD thesis,
refereed academic journal article)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the first step of the research question

A

Choice of problem to study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the criteria to choose a research topic

A

Personal tastes & interests
- Yet avoid too much passion to be able to keep a critical distance and avoid too
much subjectivity
- Strategic choice (career)
- Available data
- Originality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main challenge for choosing a research topic

A
  • Main challenge: to define a narrow enough theme to avoid dilution of the object of study → you’ll have to make choices (and justify them)!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you find a topic for your research question (RQ)

A

-Choose by elimination
-Read basic references or textbooks
-Discuss it
-Try to remember something that shocked or surprised you
-Do NOT copy a question from someone else!
-Look up the domains of expertise of academics in the department.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do you do if you have too many ideas and have to narrow it down

A

-Rank them by interests and feasibility
-Define the period of study, the geographical scope, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you formulate a RQ

A
  • What do I want to investigate on this topic?
  • With what other phenomenon do I want to link it?
  • What type of relationship do I envision?
  • What is my level of analysis?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are required for a good RQ

A

– Relevancy
– Contribution to the literature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the criteria for a good RQ

A

-Clarity
-Feasibility
-Comprehensive & analytical rather than descriptive
- Think in terms of a puzzle!
- Originality/Contribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

You need to do four things for the criteria, comprehensive & analytical rather than descriptive. What are these four things

A

-Ask a real question (avoid suggesting the answer in the
question)
- Avoid normative questions (=judgement)
- AVOID descriptive questions (=the answer is obvious)
- Avoid prospective questions (=future)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is literature review (3 answers)

A

=In-depth exploration of the literature

=Identifying potential approaches on your research
topic/question

= through the existing scientific literature discover what is
already known about the topic!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is the literature review important

A

-It allows you to detach from your pre-conceptions

-It allows you to know more about your topic: what has been said (to avoid reinventing the wheel) and what has not been said (to identify gaps and to open new perspectives)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main goal of the lit review

A

To identify the main concepts, the main authors, the major theoretical
approaches and dominant methods related to your topic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the prerequisite for writing a literature review

A

To have good initial research question

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the next step after the prerequisite for writing a literature review

A

Explore: preliminary research in order to identify the way your topic has been
studied in the literature (main concepts, approaches & methods), what the main
authors have to tell us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How to fail a literature review

A

Reading too much or not
reading

20
Q

Which 2 essential criteria are important to avoid failing the literature review

A

– relevance with regard to the initial question;
– quality of resources

21
Q

What is a dependent variable

A

Phenomenon under study, that you want to explain, that is caused, depends, or is influenced by other variables

22
Q

What is an independent variable

A

Variable or factor that causes, influences, determines or affects the phenomenon under study = explanatory factor

23
Q

What does the relevance with regard to the initial question mean (relevancy)

A

In order to conduct a good literature review, define what you want to
understand / explain (= dependent variable)

Conducting a literature review means identifying ways of understanding
the various potential explanations of your research topic (= independent
variables)

24
Q

How to ensure the relevance and quality of sources for the literature review

A

Explore the literature
 In-depth exploration of academic/scholarly sources
 Via several search engines
 Make a list of references and try to prioritize readings, from general
(definitions of concepts – books or handbooks) to more specialized
(journal articles)
 Impossible to be exhaustive, but you have to identify the relevant
literature and present a plurality of approaches

25
Q

What status can a source have

A

Primary: « first-hand » source
Secondary : produced on the basis of a primary source
A source can be both primary and secondary. It depends on the
* Nature
* Question
* Foreseen use

26
Q

What sources are needed for a literature review

A

Scientific sources:
-Books (theoretical/applied; collective/mono.)
- Peer-reviewed papers (academic journals)
-Working papers, conference papers…

27
Q

What sources are needed for a literature review

A

Scientific sources:
-Books (theoretical/applied; collective/mono.)
- Peer-reviewed papers (academic journals)
-Working papers, conference papers…

28
Q

How to read the literature for the literature review

A

– Read with a goal in mind (your research topic)
– Write a summary of each reading (What/why/how/which results)
– Focus on the concepts, theoretical approach, method (the choices of
the author) and the main results
– Identify the similarities and the differences between your readings

29
Q

What is the final goal of the Literature review

A

To present a systemic overview of the literature on your topic

30
Q

What should you be able to do at the end of your literature review

A
  • to narrow down the topic
  • to refine your question
  • to define the concepts you use in your RQ
  • to identify gaps
  • to argue that you are original!
31
Q

What is a hypothesis? (2 answers)

A

= Partial and provisional answer to your RQ

= Intellectual construction based on the knowledge acquired through the exploration and the literature review that will be
confronted to empirical evidence in the next step in the research process.

32
Q

What do you do in an inductive research and deductive research

A

In inductive research: jump to data collection.

In deductive research: based on the literature review, set prior expectations (=Hypotheses) and test them.

33
Q

What does data mean?

A

Data = systematically collected elements of information about the
world

34
Q

Why is data collection & analysis important?

A

Necessary for testing the hypothesis (deductive) or formulating a hypothesis (inductive)

35
Q

When do you use quantitative data analysis

A

For data collected via surveys, experiments, document analysis or network analysis

36
Q

what is data description

A

Description of each of your variable (DV, IVs) in tables or graphs

37
Q

What kind of descriptive statistics are there

A

– Centrality measures: mean, median, mode
– Dispersion: range, interquartile
– Deviation from central tendency: variance, standard deviation

38
Q

What does academic writing aim to improve

A

 Readability : focused and clear writing
 Accuracy : better control over language
 Productivity : better control of the writing process

39
Q

What we know about good writers

A

-Good writers read more and more frequently than poorer writers

-Good writers plan more - because they have more flexible plans

-Good writers make more revisions to content during writing

-Good writers more frequently write recursively, taking longer to finish a first full draft

-Good writers get more feedback during the writing process

-Good writers are more aware of their audience

40
Q

How to structure your paper

A

Be clear about your primary purpose
Purpose is served by argument in a debate — make your
case clearly
Macrostructure your main arguments
Keep track of your (sub)argument(s)

41
Q

What is the goal of the paper introduction

A

presenting the research
design

42
Q

What are essential for the introduction

A

 Identify the issue/problem in question (purpose)
 Identify the need to research the problem
 Identify the added value/contribution
 Main RQ/hypothesis/approach/methods
 Summarise the structure of the thesis

43
Q

What’s the purpose of the body of the paper

A

Making your arguments

44
Q

What does the body text include

A
  • Literature review
  • Research Methods
  • Results/findings
  • Discussion
45
Q

What is the purpose of the conclusion

A

More than the summary of your findings

  • Remind the question and summarise the
    reasoning
  • Underline the value of your own contribution
  • Compare to the existing literature – assess the
    value AND the limits of your work
  • Make sure the choices you had to make are
    rationally explained
  • Ethical considerations

Module 6 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions