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Phlebotomy laboratory finals > MODULE 6 Nonblood Specimen > Flashcards

MODULE 6 Nonblood Specimen Flashcards

1
Q

The most frequently analyzed nonblood body fluid

A

Urine

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2
Q

What color:
You’re drinking a lot water

A

No color, transparent

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3
Q

What color:
You’re normal & well hydrated

A

Pale straw color

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4
Q

What color:
Normal

A

Transparent yellow

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5
Q

What color:
You need to drink some water soon

A

Dark yellow

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6
Q

What color:
Your body isn’t getting enough water

A

Amber or Honey

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7
Q

What color:
You need to drink NOW & A LOT

A

Syrup or Brown Ale

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8
Q

What are the chemical analysis for routine analysis?

A

Bacteria
Bilirubin
RBC and Hgb
Glucose
Ketones
Leukocytes
Nitrite
Protein
Urobilinogen
pH
Specific Gravity
Ascorbate

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9
Q

What is the minimum volume for routine analysis?

A

10mL

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10
Q

What stain is used for smearing for urine cytology?

A

Papanicolaou (PAP) method

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11
Q

Type of sample:
Routine testing

A

Random

Midstream Clean Catch

Catheterized

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12
Q

Type of sample:
Analyte concentration testing

A

First morning
8 hour urine
First voided
Overnight
Early morning

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13
Q

What type of sample:
Glucose monitoring

A

First morning
8 hour urine
First voided
Overnight
Early morning

And

Postprandial

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14
Q

What type of sample:
Urine culture

A

Midstream clean catch

Supra-pubic aspiration

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15
Q

What type of sample:
Analyte quantitative / qualitative testing

A

Timed / 24 hour collection

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16
Q

What type of sample:
Quantitative Test

A

Catheterized

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17
Q

What type of clarity:
No visible particulates, transparent

A

Clear

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18
Q

What type of clarity:
Few particulates, print easily seen through urine

A

Hazy

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19
Q

What type of clarity:
Many particulates, print blurred through urine

A

Cloudy

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20
Q

What type of clarity:
Print cannot be seen through urine

A

Turbid

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21
Q

What type of clarity:
May precipitate or be clouded

A

Milky

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22
Q

Possible cause for:
Clear

A

Normal dilute

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23
Q

Possible cause for:
Hazy

A

Pathologic or nonpathologic cause

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24
Q

Possible cause for:
Cloudy

A

Pathologic or nonpathologic cause

25
Q

Possible cause for:
Turbid

A

Pathologic or nonpathologic cause

26
Q

Possible cause for:
Milky

A

Pathologic or nonpathologic cause

27
Q

Also known as slightly turbid

A

Hazy and cloudy

28
Q

What is the normal odor of urine?

A

Aromatic odor

29
Q

What are the abnormal odor of urine?

A

Ammonia smell
Fecal smell
Fruity smell
Mousy odor
Rancid
Maple syrup odor

30
Q

What is the normal volume of urine?

A

800-2000mL in 24hrs

31
Q

What are the abnormal volume?

A

Polyuria
Oliguria
Anuria

32
Q

condition where the body urinates more than usual and passes excessive or abnormally large amounts of urine each time you urinate.

A

Polyuria

33
Q

low urine output (how much you pee)

A

Oliguria

34
Q

lack of urine production.

A

Anuria

35
Q

What is the difference between oliguria and anuria?

A

Anuria is the absence of urine while Oliguria is when there is not enough urine oroduced

36
Q

Urine sample is used for?

A

Monitoring wellness
Diagnosis and treatment of UTI’s
Determine effectiveness or complications of therapy

37
Q

What is the incubation hour for urine culture and sensitivity?

A

18-24 hours

38
Q

It involves placing a measured portion of urine on a special nutrient medium that encourages the growth of microorganisms

A

Urine culture and sensitivity

39
Q

What type of procedure is used to obtain urine culture and sensitivity

A

Midstream clean-catch procedures

40
Q

What container is used for urine culture and sensitivity

A

Sterile container

41
Q

What type of specimen is required for urine cytology

A

Fresh clean-catch

42
Q

It detects cancer, cytomegalovirus, and other viral and inflammatory diseases of the bladder and other structures of the urinary system

A

Urine cytology

43
Q

What test is prepared from urinary sediment or filtrate?

A

Urine cytology

44
Q

Urine cytology detect:

A

Cancer
Cytomegalovirus
Other viral and inflammatory diseases of the bladder

45
Q

The specimen must be preserved by when delay is unavoidable for urine cytology?

A

Equal volume of 50% alcohol

46
Q

It detect illicit use of recreational drugs, use of anabolic steroids to enhance performance in sports, and unwarranted use of prescription drugs

A

Urine Drug specimen

47
Q

Used to monitor therapeutic drug use in order to minimize withdrawal symptoms and to confirm a diagnosis of drug overdose

A

Urine drug specimen

48
Q

What type of sample is used for urine drug specimen?

A

Random sample

49
Q

Urine drug specimen is performed to detect:

A

Illicit use of recreational drugs
Use of anabolic steroids to enhance performance of athlete
Unwarranted use of prescription drugs

50
Q

True or false:
Specimen containing blood cells or having a high or low urine pH or a low specific gravity will yield erroneous results and will require recollection of the specimen

A

True

51
Q

True or false:
Specimens containing blood cells or having a high or low urine pH or low specific gravity will yield good results that will not require recollection of the specimen

A

False. The specimen will yield erroneous results

52
Q

What are other urine tests in numerous chemistry tests?

A

Electrophoresis
For heavy metals
Myoglobin clearance
Creatinine clearance
Porphyrins

53
Q

Clear almost colorless to pale-yellow fluid that fills the membrane that surrounds and cushions a fetus in the uterus

A

Amniotic fluid

54
Q

When is amniotic fluid preferably collected?

A

After 15 weeks of gestation

55
Q

Where is amniotic fluid obtained?

A

Transabdominal amniocentesis

56
Q

What are the amniotic fluid analysis?

A

Genetic disorders
Hemolytic disease
Estimating gestational age
MeasurIng alpha-fetiprotein (AFP)

57
Q

This can be detected by measuring bilirubin levels

A

Hemolytic disease

58
Q

The specimen should be protected from light to prevent breakdown of bilirubin and delivered to the lab ASAP

A

Hemolytic disease specimen

Phlebotomy laboratory finals (3 decks)

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