MODULE 6 Nonblood Specimen Flashcards
The most frequently analyzed nonblood body fluid
Urine
What color:
You’re drinking a lot water
No color, transparent
What color:
You’re normal & well hydrated
Pale straw color
What color:
Normal
Transparent yellow
What color:
You need to drink some water soon
Dark yellow
What color:
Your body isn’t getting enough water
Amber or Honey
What color:
You need to drink NOW & A LOT
Syrup or Brown Ale
What are the chemical analysis for routine analysis?
Bacteria
Bilirubin
RBC and Hgb
Glucose
Ketones
Leukocytes
Nitrite
Protein
Urobilinogen
pH
Specific Gravity
Ascorbate
What is the minimum volume for routine analysis?
10mL
What stain is used for smearing for urine cytology?
Papanicolaou (PAP) method
Type of sample:
Routine testing
Random
Midstream Clean Catch
Catheterized
Type of sample:
Analyte concentration testing
First morning
8 hour urine
First voided
Overnight
Early morning
What type of sample:
Glucose monitoring
First morning
8 hour urine
First voided
Overnight
Early morning
And
Postprandial
What type of sample:
Urine culture
Midstream clean catch
Supra-pubic aspiration
What type of sample:
Analyte quantitative / qualitative testing
Timed / 24 hour collection
What type of sample:
Quantitative Test
Catheterized
What type of clarity:
No visible particulates, transparent
Clear
What type of clarity:
Few particulates, print easily seen through urine
Hazy
What type of clarity:
Many particulates, print blurred through urine
Cloudy
What type of clarity:
Print cannot be seen through urine
Turbid
What type of clarity:
May precipitate or be clouded
Milky
Possible cause for:
Clear
Normal dilute
Possible cause for:
Hazy
Pathologic or nonpathologic cause
Possible cause for:
Cloudy
Pathologic or nonpathologic cause
Possible cause for:
Turbid
Pathologic or nonpathologic cause
Possible cause for:
Milky
Pathologic or nonpathologic cause
Also known as slightly turbid
Hazy and cloudy
What is the normal odor of urine?
Aromatic odor
What are the abnormal odor of urine?
Ammonia smell
Fecal smell
Fruity smell
Mousy odor
Rancid
Maple syrup odor
What is the normal volume of urine?
800-2000mL in 24hrs
What are the abnormal volume?
Polyuria
Oliguria
Anuria
condition where the body urinates more than usual and passes excessive or abnormally large amounts of urine each time you urinate.
Polyuria
low urine output (how much you pee)
Oliguria
lack of urine production.
Anuria
What is the difference between oliguria and anuria?
Anuria is the absence of urine while Oliguria is when there is not enough urine oroduced
Urine sample is used for?
Monitoring wellness
Diagnosis and treatment of UTI’s
Determine effectiveness or complications of therapy
What is the incubation hour for urine culture and sensitivity?
18-24 hours
It involves placing a measured portion of urine on a special nutrient medium that encourages the growth of microorganisms
Urine culture and sensitivity
What type of procedure is used to obtain urine culture and sensitivity
Midstream clean-catch procedures
What container is used for urine culture and sensitivity
Sterile container
What type of specimen is required for urine cytology
Fresh clean-catch
It detects cancer, cytomegalovirus, and other viral and inflammatory diseases of the bladder and other structures of the urinary system
Urine cytology
What test is prepared from urinary sediment or filtrate?
Urine cytology
Urine cytology detect:
Cancer
Cytomegalovirus
Other viral and inflammatory diseases of the bladder
The specimen must be preserved by when delay is unavoidable for urine cytology?
Equal volume of 50% alcohol
It detect illicit use of recreational drugs, use of anabolic steroids to enhance performance in sports, and unwarranted use of prescription drugs
Urine Drug specimen
Used to monitor therapeutic drug use in order to minimize withdrawal symptoms and to confirm a diagnosis of drug overdose
Urine drug specimen
What type of sample is used for urine drug specimen?
Random sample
Urine drug specimen is performed to detect:
Illicit use of recreational drugs
Use of anabolic steroids to enhance performance of athlete
Unwarranted use of prescription drugs
True or false:
Specimen containing blood cells or having a high or low urine pH or a low specific gravity will yield erroneous results and will require recollection of the specimen
True
True or false:
Specimens containing blood cells or having a high or low urine pH or low specific gravity will yield good results that will not require recollection of the specimen
False. The specimen will yield erroneous results
What are other urine tests in numerous chemistry tests?
Electrophoresis
For heavy metals
Myoglobin clearance
Creatinine clearance
Porphyrins
Clear almost colorless to pale-yellow fluid that fills the membrane that surrounds and cushions a fetus in the uterus
Amniotic fluid
When is amniotic fluid preferably collected?
After 15 weeks of gestation
Where is amniotic fluid obtained?
Transabdominal amniocentesis
What are the amniotic fluid analysis?
Genetic disorders
Hemolytic disease
Estimating gestational age
MeasurIng alpha-fetiprotein (AFP)
This can be detected by measuring bilirubin levels
Hemolytic disease
The specimen should be protected from light to prevent breakdown of bilirubin and delivered to the lab ASAP
Hemolytic disease specimen
