Module 6: Mobility

Question 1

Mobility

Answer 1

• Being mobile
• State or quality of being mobile or movable, necessary for the performance of ADL (eating, dressing, walking)
• Purposeful physical movements, fine complex movements, & coordonation

Question 2

Scope of Mobility

Answer 2

Full mobility - Partial/Impaired - Immobility

Question 3

Someone who is both mobile and immobile?

Answer 3

Partial paralysis, advanced age, weakness, stroke, fractures, pregnancy, hemiplegia, paraplegic

Question 4

When is immobility beneficial?

Answer 4

• after injury
• recovering from illness or surgery
• both reduce the risk of aggravation

Question 5

Full mobility (Scope)

Answer 5

• gross simple movements (move limbs)
• fine complex movements (move digits like fingers)
• coordination (coordinate movements)

Question 6

Partial/Impaired Mobility (Scope)

Answer 6

• limitation in physical movement

- limits in limbs, digits, or coordination of those

Question 7

Immobility (Scope)

Answer 7

• inability to move

- loss of coordination

Question 8

Is impairment in mobility permanent?

Answer 8

No, not always

Question 9

What are the modifications like in mobility?

Answer 9

Transient, recurring, or permanent

Question 10

How does aging contribute to mobility problems?

Answer 10

It affects the functioning of skeletal, muscular, and nervous system

Question 11

What is impaired mobility due to?

Answer 11

• neurologic conditions (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
• skeletal conditions
• muscle conditions
• joint conditions (cartilage, tendons, ligaments)

Question 12

Bone Remodeling

Answer 12

• process in which existing bone is broken down (bone resorption) and replaced by new bone (bone deposition)
  1) Activation: osteoclasts stimulated by PTH, stress, glucocorticoids, etc.
  2) Resorption: osteoclasts break down bone & form a resorption cavity
  3) Reversal: switch from resorption to bone formation and the macrophages clear the cavity
  4) Formation: osteoblasts are recruited and function in the synthesis of new bone (3-4 months)

Question 13

Bone resorption

Answer 13

• existing bone is broken down

Question 14

What is bone deposition?

Answer 14

• new bone added to existing bone

Question 15

Age-related changes: Neurologic system

Answer 15

Thinning of intervertebral discs causing spinal nerve compression

Question 16

Age-related changes: Bone (skeletal)

Answer 16

• decreased bone density and risk of fracture

- vertebral collapse (kyphosis)

Question 17

Age-related changes: Joints

Answer 17

• degeneration of articular cartilage causing osteoarthritis

- stiffening of ligaments and joints

Question 18

Age-related changes: Muscles

Answer 18

Decreased muscle mass and strength

Question 19

Risk factors for impaired mobility?

Answer 19

• advanced age
• chronic pain
• injury/trauma
• congenital deformities
• nutritional deficiencies
• stroke
• cancer
• meds
• COPD
• spinal injuries
• cardiovascular/respiratory disease
• advanced dementia
• obesity

Question 20

Kyphosis

Answer 20

• increased front-to-back curve of the upper spine
• curvature of the spine measuring 50 degrees or greater
• exaggerated, forward rounding of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture
• due to weakness in the spinal bones that causes them to compress or crack

Question 21

Osteoporosis

Answer 21

• reduction of total bone mass
• due to imbalance in bone remodeling
• resorption > formation
• metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone density (ie. Increased porosity) & strength in which both the bone matrix & mineralization are decreased
• multifactorial disease characterized by absolute reduction in the total bone mass
• reduction in blood mass occurs due to an imbalance in bone remodeling (osteoblast & osteoclast)
• often associated with aging process; in those older than 85 years old (one-third)
• women > men (especially after menopause)