Module 6 MEMORY Flashcards
It is an active system that RECIEVE information from the senses, ORGANIZE and alters it as it STORES it away, and then retrieves the information from storage.
Memory
sensory information to CONVERT that information into a form that is usable in the brain’s storage systems.
Encoding
HOLDING onto information for some period of time.
Storage
GETTING information that is in storage into a form that can be used.
Retrieval
assumes the processing of information for memory storage is SIMILAR to the way a COMPUTER processes memory in a series of three stages.
Information-processing model
A model of memory
assumes information that is more “deeply processed,”
Or processed according to its meaning rather than just the sound or physical characteristics of the word or words, will be remembered more efficiently and for a longer period of time.
Levels-of-processing model
All information lost within a
second or so.
Sensory memory
Unrehearsed information is lost in about
15 to 30 seconds.
Short- term
memory
Information is retained indefinitely although some information may
be difficult to retrieve.
Long- term
memory
MODEL OF MEMORRY
which memory processes are proposed to take place at the same time over a large network of neural connections.
Parallel distributed processing (PDP) model
very first stage of memory, the point at which information enters the nervous system through the sensory systems.
Sensory memory
Sensorry memory
visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second
Iconic memory
everything that can be seen at one time.
Capacity
information that has just entered iconic memory will be pushed out very quickly by new information, a process called masking.
Duration
the rare ability to access a visual memory for 30 seconds or more.
Eidetic imagery
the brief memory of something a person has just heard.
Echoic memory
the brief memory of something a person has just heard.
Echoic memory
limited to what can be heard at any one moment and is smaller than the capacity of iconic mem
Capacity
lasts longer that iconic — about 2 to 4 seconds
Duration
the memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used.
Short term memory STM
the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input.
Selective attention
the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input.
Selective attention
memory test in which a series of numbers is read to subjects in the experiment who are then asked to recall the numbers in order.
Digit span test
bits of information are combined into meaningful units, or chunks, so that more information can be held in STM.
Chunking
practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one’s head in order to maintain it in short-term memory (STMs tend to be encoded in auditory form).
Maintenance rehearsal
It is is susceptible to interferenc
STM
It is the system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently.
Long term memory
a method of transferring information from STM into LTM by making that information meaningful in some way.
Eleborative rehearsal
What are the Types of LTM?
Procedural (nondeclarative) memory
Declarative memory
It includes here the memory for skills, procedures, habits, and conditioned responses. These memories are not conscious but are implied to exist because they affect conscious behavior.
Procedural (nondeclarative) memor
It containing information that is conscious and known (memory for facts).
Declarative memory
:Skills that people know how to do.
:include emotional associations, habits, and simple conditioned reflexes that may or may not be in conscious awareness.
Procedural (Nondeclarative) LTM
loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories. Usually does NOT affect procedural LTM.
Anterograde Amnesia
What is the other name of Procedural memory
implicit memory
(A memory that is not easily brought into concious awareness
It is all things people know
Declarative LTM
type of declarative memory containing general knowledge, such as knowledge of language and information learned in formal education.
Semantic memory
type of declarative memory containing personal information not readily available to others, such as daily activities and events.
Episodic memory
What is the meaning of Semantic and episodic memories are forms of explicit memory
memory that is consciously known.
LTM organized in terms of related meanings and concepts.
Organization of Memory
It assumes information is stored in the brain in a connected fashion, with concepts that are related stored physically closer to each other than retrieval cue a stimulus for remembering.
Semantic network model
a stimulus for remembering.
Retrieval cue
the tendency for memory of information to be improved if related information (such as surroundings or physiological state) available when the memory is first formed is also available when the memory is being retrieved.
Encoding specificity
memories formed during a particular physiological or psychological state will be easier to recall while in a similar state.
State-dependent learning
type of memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be “pulled” from memory with very few external cues.
Recall
