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ACP 203 Intermediate > Module 6: Injury Management > Flashcards

Module 6: Injury Management Flashcards

1
Q

Jackson’s theory of burns

A

Zone of coagulation (central)
Zone of stasis (middle)
Zone of hyperemia (outer)

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2
Q

Major burn criteria

A

Hands, feet, face, major joint, genitals, circumference
Full thickness >10% TBSA
Partial thick >25% (10-50yo) or >20% (<10 or >50yo)
Respiratory injury
Complicated by fx or trauma
High voltage
Chemical burns

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3
Q

Moderate burns criteria

A

Full thick 2-10% TBSA
Partial thick 15-25% TBSA (10-50yo) or 10-20% (<10 or >50yo)
Superficial >50% TBSA
Low voltage electrical
Major burn characteristics absent

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4
Q

Minor burn criteria

A

Full thick <2% TBSA
Partial thick <15% (10-50yo) or <10% (<10 or >50yo)
Superficial <50% TBSA
Major burn characteristics absent

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5
Q

Newton’s first law of motion

A

A body at rest stays at rest until it is acted on by an outside force
A body in motion stays in motion until it is acted on by an outside force.

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6
Q

Newton’s second law of motion

A

The force an object can exert is the product of its mass x acceleration

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7
Q

Multi-system trauma

A

Injuries that involve 2 or more body systems.

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8
Q

Blunt trauma

A

Injuries in which the tissues are not penetrated by an external object

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9
Q

Penetrating trauma

A

When tissues are penetrated by single or multiple objects

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10
Q

Deceleration injuries

A

Shearing, avulsing, rupturing of organs and restraining fascia, vasculature, nerves, and other soft tissue.
Flexion or extension of the body.

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11
Q

5 phases of motor vehicle collisions

A

1) deceleration of vehicle
2) deceleration of the occupant
3) deceleration of internal organs
4) secondary impacts
5) additional impacts.

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12
Q

5 types of impact patterns in MVCs

A

Frontal or head on
Lateral or side
Rear
Rotational
Rollover

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13
Q

Down-and-under pathway MVC

A

Occupant slides under the steering column.
Can cause injury to pelvis, hips, femurs, tibia, spine, ribs, cardiac and pulmonary.

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14
Q

Up-and-over pathway MVC

A

Torso moves upward and forward. Head impacts windshield, roof, mirror, or dash.
Can cause head, C spine, anterior neck trauma, ejection, lower body trauma, pneumothorax.

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15
Q

Revised trauma score

A

Best score possible is 12
Takes into account GCS, SBP, and RR.

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16
Q

Waddell triad

A

Vehicle-pedestrian injuries for children and short people.
1) bumper hits pelvis and femurs
2) chest and abdomen hit grille
3) head strikes the vehicle and ground.

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17
Q

Factors for severity of falls

A

Height
Position or orientation of body
Area which impact is distributed
Surface
Physical condition

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18
Q

Permanent cavity in GSW

A

Straight or irregular line that the bullet travels along

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19
Q

Pathway expansion in GSW

A

Tissue displacement that results from shock waves, causing cavitation.

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20
Q

5 causes of blast injury

A

Primary (due to blast wave itself)
Secondary (propelled fragments)
Tertiary (impact with an object)
Quarternary (burns, crush, toxins)
Quinary (long-term from CBRN additives)

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21
Q

Trauma lethal triad

A

Hypothermia
Coagulopathy
Acidosis

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22
Q

Approximate amount of blood in the human body

A

Male: 70ml/kg
Female: 65ml/kg

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23
Q

SAGER traction splint

A

10% of patients body weight in lbs up to maximum of 15lbs

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24
Q

Hemostatic gauze

A

Applied when direct pressure and TQ cannot control bleeding, or when bleeding is in an area that a TQ cannot be applied.
Packed inside wound. Provide direct pressure for 2 minutes afterwards

25
Q

Wound packing

A

Technique for bleeding in junctional areas.
Apply pressure for 3 minutes if using regular gauze.

26
Q

Potential blood loss from pelvic fractures

A

1500-3000ml

27
Q

Amount of blood loss in femur fracture

A

1000-1500ml per femur

28
Q

Wounds requiring closure

A

Injuries in highly visible areas
Gaping wounds
Wounds over tension lines.

29
Q

3 types of wound closure

A

Wound closure should occur within 6-8 hours.
Primary closure
Closure by secondary intent
Tertiary closure.

30
Q

Primary closure

A

Wound Margins are brought together as neatly and evenly as possible.

31
Q

Closure by secondary intent

A

Dressing high risk wounds and allowing them to heal through normal body process.

32
Q

Tertiary closure

A

Wounds with high risk for infection that would have poor cosmetic appearance if closed by secondary intention.
Wounds are irrigated and dressed, then closed 3-4 days later.

33
Q

Preservation of amputated parts

A

Rinse free of debris with saline
Wrap in saline moistened sterile gauze
Seal in a bag and keep cool but don’t allow to freeze

34
Q

Progression of crush syndrome

A

Body part trapped for more than 4 hours.
Rhabdomyolysis
Trapped part is freed
Potential cardiac arrest, dysthymia, kidney damage, hyperK, hyperphosphatemia

35
Q

Rule of 9s for burns (adult)

A

Head: 9
Anterior torso: 18
Posterior torso: 18
Arms: 9 each
Genitalia: 1
Legs: 18 each

36
Q

Rule of 9s for children

A

Head: 12
Anterior torso: 18
Posterior torso: 18
Arms: 9 each
Legs: 16.5 each
Genitalia: 1

37
Q

Rule of 9s for infants

A

Head: 18
Anterior torso: 18
Posterior torso: 18
Arms: 9 each
Legs: 13.5
Genitalia: 1

38
Q

Amount of time flushing for chemical burns

A

Preferable for 30 minutes. 1-2 hours for strong alkalis recommended.

39
Q

Alternating current vs direct current

A

Alternating current considered more dangerous due to alternating muscle contractions

40
Q

Le fort fractures

A

1: horizontal involving hard palate and inferior maxilla
2: pyramidal involving nasal bone and inferior maxilla
3: all mid facial bones, separating entire mid face from cranium.

41
Q

Irrigation of eye times

A

5 minutes
20 minutes if alkali or strong acid
Remove contact lenses or treating patient with chemical burns to the eye.

42
Q

Types of skull fractures

A

Linear
Depressed
Basilar
Open

43
Q

Coup-contrecoup injury

A

Brain continues to move forward until it impacts the skull, causing compression injury.
Body starts to move backward, brain follows, strikes back of the skull.

44
Q

Normal ICP

A

5 to 15mmHg

45
Q

Critical threshold for cerebral perfusion pressure

A

60 mmHg

46
Q

Cushings triad

A

Hypertension (wide pulse pressure)
Bradycardia
Irregular respirations.

47
Q

Massive hemothorax blood volume

A

Accumulation of more than 1500ml of blood in the pleural space.
Each lung can hold up to 3L of fluid.

48
Q

Fracture classification based on fracture type

A

Linear (parallel to long axis)
Transverse (right angle)
Oblique (angle)
Spiral (encircling)
Impacted (end wedged into another bone)
Pathologic (erosion or abnormal overgrowth of cortical bone)

49
Q

Number of fractures on one bone

A

Comminuted (>2 fragments in one area)
Segmental (>2 fragments int different parts)

50
Q

Number of cortices injured in bone fracture

A

Complete (both cortices)
Incomplete (one cortex)
Incomplete includes: greenstick, buckle, plastic deformation, fatigue

51
Q

Fracture classification based on displacement

A

Non displaced (bone alignment unchanged)
Displaced
Displaced includes: overriding, distraction, impacted, avulsion, depression

52
Q

Dislocation

A

Bone is totally displaced from the joint. Occurs when a body part moves beyond its normal range of motion.

53
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation. Articular surfaces remain partially intact. Part of joint capsule and ligaments may be damaged.

54
Q

Diastasis

A

Ligaments are disrupted and the space between them increases.

55
Q

Sprain

A

Ligaments are stretched or torn.

56
Q

Strain

A

Injury to muscle or tendon resulting from violent muscle contraction or excessive stretching.

57
Q

Potential blood loss from humerus, Tibia or fibula, ankle, or elbow

A

250-500ml

58
Q

Potential blood loss from radius or ulna

A

150-250ml

59
Q

Urine output indication for adequate fluid resuscitation

A

0.5-1ml/kg per hour

ACP 203 Intermediate (6 decks)

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