Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RT220 > Module 6- Infection Control > Flashcards

Module 6- Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

List the five classifications of living things

A

Plants, animals, fungi, protozoa, and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F?

Viruses are one of the classifications of living things. They can thrive and multiply without a host.

A

False! Viruses are not included in the classification of living things.

Viruses must have a host to multiply, they are unable to function independently of a host cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A disease causing agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 9 characteristics of Bacteria(classification)?

A

Morphology(size,shape,cell arrangement), staining, motility(how does it “get around”), atmospheric requirements(aerobic- requires O2 to survive, anaerobic-can survive w/o O2), nutritional requirements, metabolic activities, pathogenicity, growth, and genetic composition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is staining used for? What does it do?

A

Staining gives an idea about what is growing, it is used to help identify and classify bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three basic shapes of bacteria? What are their appearances like?

A

Cocci(spherical), bacilli(rod-shaped), and spirochete or spirillum(curved or spiral shaped)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fill in the blank.

Streptococci is a _______ shaped bacteria arranged in ________ groups.

A

Round, chainlike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fill in the blank.

Staphylococci occurs in _______(appearance). It resemble grapes in shape and formation

A

Clusters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two gram stain dyes used?

A

Crystal violet(purple) and safranin(red)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When staining with crystal violet, if the purple dye is retained what does that mean?

A

It means that the bacteria is gram positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When staining with safranin(red), and the red dye is retained, what does that mean?

A

It means that the bacteria is gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List some examples of bacteria that may retain the purple color when staining with crystal violet.

A

Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List some examples of bacteria that may retain the red color when staining with safranin.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, legionella, klebsiella, haemophilus influenza, and escherichia coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is acid fast staining, and what are some bacterium that can be identified using it?

A

Acid fast staining identifies mycobacterium(acid fast bacilli) such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and leprosy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a nosocomial infection?

A

A hospital acquired infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cross contamination?

A

Transmission of microorganisms between places or persons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is virulence

A

The relative ability to cause disease(strength of pathogenicity).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a reservoir? What does PPE mean and what equipment does it consist of?

A

A reservoir is the source of an infection.

PPE is personal protective equipment: gloves, mask,eye protections, face, shield, and gown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four common transmission of disease?

A

Contact, airborne, vehicle, and vector transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is contact and airborne transmission?

A

Contact transmission is direct transmission of microbes via physical contact between one another.

Airborne transmission is the spread of pathogenic microbes by droplet nuclei or dust at a distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is vehicle and vector transmission?

A

Vehicle transmission is transmission of microbes via inanimate objects. This may involve instruments, contaminated water, food, soil, etc.
(Items implicated: portable respirometers, IPPB equipment, USN, Stethoscopes)

Vector transmission is transmission of microbes via an intermediate host. The host can be an insect, animal, or plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List some examples of disease that can be contracted via contact, airborne, vehicle, and vector transmission.

A

Contact: MRSA, VRE, C-Diff, Strep

Airborne: Histoplasmosis, Coccidiomycosis, TB, Blastomycosis

Vehicle: Cholera, Salmonellosis, Botulism

Vector: Malaria(mosquito), Rocky Mt. spotted fever(tick), Lyme disease(Deer tick), and bubonic a plague(Fleas).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The spread of infection requires:

A

Susceptible host, source of pathogen, and route of transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List some ways that contaminates enter the body.

A

Open wounds, mucous membranes(mouth,nose,airways,rectal), and tube or line inserted into the body(catheters,IV,Endotracheal,tracheostomy,feeding tubes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

List the 6 factors that puts the new host at risk?

A

Age(elderly,or very young), immune system depression, acute diseases, chronic illnesses, medications, and malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

List the guidelines for standard precautions

A

Hand washing, use of gown, mask, goggles, gloves, handling of pt care equipment , linens, sharps, and mouth to mask ventilation devices, and pt placement

27
Q

What is the most important infection control strategy in breaking the chain of transmission for the spread of disease?

A

Hand washing

28
Q

_______ second scrub is the most common hand washing protocol done between patients(before and after contact)

A

30 second

29
Q

When should the 30s hand scrub be done?

A

Before preparing medications, before and after eating, after use of restroom facilities, after contact with contaminated equipment, and ANY time the hands come in contact with body secretions.

30
Q

When is the 10 min hand-scrub done?

A

This is done prior to entry into surgery , NICU, burn unit, and nursery

31
Q

When should the 3 min hand scrub be done?

A

This should be performed upon arrival to hospital and when leaving the facility

32
Q

How should patient linen be handled to prevent cross contamination?

A

Handle in a way that prevents contact with your skin, mucous membranes, and clothing. This requires the usage of gloves and may require the use of a gown, mask, and eye protection.

33
Q

When is the use of a mask, eye protection, or face shield necessary?

A

This is advised when there is a possibility of being splashed or sprayed by blood , body fluids, secretions, or excretions.

Also may be used in situations in respiratory including: bronchoscopy, trauma, resuscitation, airway aspiration(suctioning), and ventilator circuit changes

34
Q

When is there a necessary usage for a cover gown?

A

This is advised when possibility of splashing/spraying of skin and clothing by blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.

Situations in respiratory include: bronchoscopy, trauma, and resuscitation

35
Q

What is considered as “sharps?”

A

Needles , scalpels, razors , disposable suture scissors - primarily any SHARP instrument

36
Q

T or F?

Always recap a needle as it is the primary cause of needle sticks.

A

FALSE!

NEVER recap a needle as THAT is the primary cause of needle sticks

37
Q

List the sharps precautions

A

Never recap a needle, dispose in provided special puncture -proof containers, never attempt to remove discarded needles or syringes from sharps containers, and never attempt to force a needle or sharp instrument into a full sharps container.

38
Q

Where would you usually find mask to mouth ventilation devices?

A

Availability of such devices is warranted in any area where resuscitation may be predicted or warranted.

39
Q

What are some advantages of mask to mouth ventilation devices?

A

Prevents direct contact w/ pts mucous membranes during CPR and provides barrier between pt and caregiver.

40
Q

Fill in the blank.

Airborne particles transmits microbes via small aerosolized particles of _____ microns or smaller in size.

The or should always be placed in a _______ _______ room.

A

5; negative pressure

41
Q

Fill in the blank.

A negative pressure room should have 6 to _____ air changes per hour.

A
42
Q

T or F?

During airborne precautions, pts can only be placed with one another if both patients are infected with the same organism.

A

True

43
Q

Transportation of pts w/ airborne precautions should be avoided but if necessary what must be done to prevent the spread of transmission during?

A

The pt has to wear either a simple surgical mask or HEPA mask while being transported to prevent transmission of droplet nuclei.

44
Q

List some diseases that can be transmitted via airborne transmission.

A

TB, varicella, chicken pox, and measles

45
Q

What diseases can be transmitted via droplet transmission?

A

Pertussis, and RSV

46
Q

Fill in the blank.

Droplet transmission of microbes via droplets are larger than ____ microns.

These are generated by coughing, sneezing, talking, ________, ________, or ________ _______ _________.

A

Bronchoscopy, suctioning or ventilator circuit changes

47
Q

T or F?

It is ok to place a patient on droplet precautions in a room with the door open. It is ok to room two patients with different infectious disease in the same room since they’re both droplet.

A

False.
Place the pt in a private room with the door closed. Two persons infected with the same organism and has no other infections may be placed in room together

48
Q

Fill in the blank.

A mask is required when working within _____ft of pt.

A

3

49
Q

Food for Thought (Just to read!)

A

Transportation writhing the hospital of pts in droplet precautions just as airborne should be avoided if at all possible.

If the pt must be transported through the hospital, pt should wear a simple surgical mask to prevent transmission of droplets.

50
Q

What are some diseases that can be transmitted via contact transmission?

A

MRSA, VRE, C-Diff

51
Q

What is contact transmission?

A

Transmission of pathogenic microbes through direct or contact for example: wound care , sputum and other secretions/body fluids, non intact skin) or via contact with environmental surfaces or pt care items in the pts room

52
Q

Food or thought: just read

A

Just as airborne and droplet precautions, contact should also be placed in a private room but it is ok to place two pts in the same room if they are infected with the same organism and have no other infections

53
Q

What are enteric precautions?

A

Precautions specifically involving gastrointestinal organisms

54
Q

Examples of diseases that require enteric precautions:

A

Cholera, enteropathogenic E.Coli gastroenteritis, infectious viral hepatitis A, salmonellosis, and shigellosis

55
Q

What is neutropenia precautions and what is it also known as?

A

It is also known as reverse isolation. It is designed to protect the pt from visitors , staff, etc.

56
Q

What PPE is required during neutropenia precautions?

A

Gowns, gloves, caps, masks, booties - full garb

57
Q

T or F?

Pt population for nitrogen in precautions include chemo patients, burn patients, and immunosuppressed patients.

A

True

58
Q

List the process for aseptic gowning?

A
  1. Apply cap and mask
  2. Apply gown
  3. Apply booted
  4. Apply gloves
59
Q

List the aseptic removal of isolation attire

A
  1. Remove gloves and never bring gloves hands to face.
  2. Remove cap and mask
  3. Remove gown, turning inside out
  4. Wash hands
  5. Apply common sense(prevent yourself from becoming infected! Think about what you are doing and the consequences that may accompany it.
60
Q

List the steps for Donning(putting on) PPE

A

Apply gown
Apply mask
Apply goggles
Apply gloves

61
Q

List the steps for Doffing(taking off/removing) PPE

A 
Remove gloves 
Remove goggles or face shield 
Remove gown 
Remove mask or respirator 
Wash hands
62
Q

What is the difference between sterilization, sporicidal, disinfect, antiseptic , asepsis, bacteriostatic and bactericidal?

A

Sterilization is the complete destruction of all forms of microbial life.

Sporicidal kills spores.

Disinfect: kills pathogens on a inanimate object but does not destroy bacterial spores.

Antiseptic: kills pathogens on an animate object.

Asepsis: removal of microorganism or prevention of contamination.

Bacteriostatic: won’t support bacterial growth.

Bactericidal: kills bacteria

63
Q

Describe the method of pasteurization.

A

Pasteurization disinfect. But doesn’t kill spores. Immersion in water for 30mins at 77•C is required.

Make sure to use aseptic technique when drying, packaging to avoid recontamination.

RT220 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions