Module 6 (Government as a Social Institution) Flashcards
concept of institutions, political institutions, elements of political institutions, and types of political institutions
enduring collection of rules and organized practices, embedded in structures of meaning and resources that are relatively invariant in the face of turnover of individuals and relatively resilient to the idiosyncratic preferences and expectations of individuals and changing external circumstances
institutions
humanly devised constraints that affect human behavior
institutions
organized way in which power is distributed and decisions are made within a society
political institutions
entity that is participating in political processes
political institutions
created to maintain social order
political institutions
elements of political institutions
power, authority, legitimacy
likelihood of achieving desired ends in spite of resistance from others and can be physical and psychological
power
power to make binding decisions and issue commands and necessary for a leader
authority
moral an ethical concept that bestows one who possesses power the right to exercise such since it is perceived to be justified and proper
legitimacy
having authority does not mean having ________?
legitimacy
types of authority (under rational-legal/bureaucratic)
charismatic and traditional
legitimacy is derived from well-established customs, habits, and social structures
traditional authority
legitimacy emanates from the charisma of an individual and is sometimes seen as a “gift of grace” or possession of “gravitas” or authority derived from higher power
charismatic authority
enables one to be accorded authority despite of absence of cultural or legal justification
charismatic authority
draws its legitimacy from formal rules promulgated by the state through its fundamental and implementing laws and is the most common way of legitimizing authority in modern states
rational-legal/bureaucratic authority
types of political institutions
uncentralized and centralized
leaders do not have any true power or authority to impose compliance to social norms, equal distribution of power among members of society, and deviant members are subject to public scrutiny, scorn, gossip, and even banishment
uncentralized political system
under uncentralized political systems
band and tribe
small kin-ordered group living together in a loosely defined geographical territory for a temporary time, once resources are depleted, the band separates to small families, and people have equal rights and share personal relationships; consensus based decision making
band
made of kin-groups, practice of agriculture make them able to support large population, leaders are chosen based of special skils or aptitudes related to economic activity (titular leadership: neither have the power nor authority to impose compliance to social norms or clan decisions)
tribe
authority assigned to an individual or body of individuals, presence of social stratification
centralized political systems
under centralized political systems
chiefdom and state
few local communities who subscribe to the power and rule of a leader who has absolute power on them, power bestowed to the chief because he is the highest ranking individual and keeps position for life, presence of social stratification, and tied to agriculture
chiefdom
functions of chief
oversees economic activities in his area and implements redistributive system for fair distribution of goods
political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding over a group of people and a well defined territory and is the highest form of political organization
state
forms of government
no of holders of government power, power relations of levels of government, and relationship of branches of government
no of holders of government power
monarchy (1), oligarchy (few), democracy (many)
power relations of levels of government
unitary (local government subordinate to national government), federal (shared power between national and local government)
relationships of branches of government
presidential (powers of branches are separate, led by president), and parliamentary (powers of branches are shared, led by prime minister)
nature of the philippine government
the philippines is a democratic and republican state. sovereignty resides in the people and all government power emanates from them.
branches and checks and balances of the ph government
legislative branch (ph congress), executive branch (president), and judicial branch (supreme court)
promulgate laws
legislative branch
implement laws
executive branch
interpret laws
judicial branch
may initiate impeachment, may override veto, may reject/affirm presidential appointees, may revoke/affirm Martial Law
legislative branch to executive branch
may initiate impeachment, may limit powers/size of lower courts (i.e. CA, RTC, etc.)
legislative branch to judicial branch
may reject laws made by congress (veto power)
executive branch to legislative branch
appoints members of the judicial branch, use of pardon power on convicted criminals
executive branch to judicial branch
may declare laws made by congress unconstitutional (judicial review)
judicial branch to legislative branch
may declare executive actions unconstitutional (judicial review)
judicial branch to executive branch
