Module 6 (Government as a Social Institution)

Question 1

enduring collection of rules and organized practices, embedded in structures of meaning and resources that are relatively invariant in the face of turnover of individuals and relatively resilient to the idiosyncratic preferences and expectations of individuals and changing external circumstances

Answer 1

institutions

Question 2

humanly devised constraints that affect human behavior

Answer 2

institutions

Question 3

organized way in which power is distributed and decisions are made within a society

Answer 3

political institutions

Question 4

entity that is participating in political processes

Answer 4

political institutions

Question 5

created to maintain social order

Answer 5

political institutions

Question 6

elements of political institutions

Answer 6

power, authority, legitimacy

Question 7

likelihood of achieving desired ends in spite of resistance from others and can be physical and psychological

Answer 7

power

Question 8

power to make binding decisions and issue commands and necessary for a leader

Answer 8

authority

Question 9

moral an ethical concept that bestows one who possesses power the right to exercise such since it is perceived to be justified and proper

Answer 9

legitimacy

Question 10

having authority does not mean having ________?

Answer 10

legitimacy

Question 11

types of authority (under rational-legal/bureaucratic)

Answer 11

charismatic and traditional

Question 12

legitimacy is derived from well-established customs, habits, and social structures

Answer 12

traditional authority

Question 13

legitimacy emanates from the charisma of an individual and is sometimes seen as a “gift of grace” or possession of “gravitas” or authority derived from higher power

Answer 13

charismatic authority

Question 14

enables one to be accorded authority despite of absence of cultural or legal justification

Answer 14

charismatic authority

Question 15

draws its legitimacy from formal rules promulgated by the state through its fundamental and implementing laws and is the most common way of legitimizing authority in modern states

Answer 15

rational-legal/bureaucratic authority

Question 16

types of political institutions

Answer 16

uncentralized and centralized

Question 17

leaders do not have any true power or authority to impose compliance to social norms, equal distribution of power among members of society, and deviant members are subject to public scrutiny, scorn, gossip, and even banishment

Answer 17

uncentralized political system

Question 18

under uncentralized political systems

Answer 18

band and tribe

Question 19

small kin-ordered group living together in a loosely defined geographical territory for a temporary time, once resources are depleted, the band separates to small families, and people have equal rights and share personal relationships; consensus based decision making

Answer 19

band

Question 20

made of kin-groups, practice of agriculture make them able to support large population, leaders are chosen based of special skils or aptitudes related to economic activity (titular leadership: neither have the power nor authority to impose compliance to social norms or clan decisions)

Answer 20

tribe

Question 21

authority assigned to an individual or body of individuals, presence of social stratification

Answer 21

centralized political systems

Question 22

under centralized political systems

Answer 22

chiefdom and state

Question 23

few local communities who subscribe to the power and rule of a leader who has absolute power on them, power bestowed to the chief because he is the highest ranking individual and keeps position for life, presence of social stratification, and tied to agriculture

Answer 23

chiefdom

Question 24

functions of chief

Answer 24

oversees economic activities in his area and implements redistributive system for fair distribution of goods

Question 25

political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding over a group of people and a well defined territory and is the highest form of political organization

Answer 25

state

Question 26

forms of government

Answer 26

no of holders of government power, power relations of levels of government, and relationship of branches of government

Question 27

no of holders of government power

Answer 27

monarchy (1), oligarchy (few), democracy (many)

Question 28

power relations of levels of government

Answer 28

unitary (local government subordinate to national government), federal (shared power between national and local government)

Question 29

relationships of branches of government

Answer 29

presidential (powers of branches are separate, led by president), and parliamentary (powers of branches are shared, led by prime minister)

Question 30

nature of the philippine government

Answer 30

the philippines is a democratic and republican state. sovereignty resides in the people and all government power emanates from them.

Question 31

branches and checks and balances of the ph government

Answer 31

legislative branch (ph congress), executive branch (president), and judicial branch (supreme court)

Question 32

promulgate laws

Answer 32

legislative branch

Question 33

implement laws

Answer 33

executive branch

Question 34

interpret laws

Answer 34

judicial branch

Question 35

may initiate impeachment, may override veto, may reject/affirm presidential appointees, may revoke/affirm Martial Law

Answer 35

legislative branch to executive branch

Question 36

may initiate impeachment, may limit powers/size of lower courts (i.e. CA, RTC, etc.)

Answer 36

legislative branch to judicial branch

Question 37

may reject laws made by congress (veto power)

Answer 37

executive branch to legislative branch

Question 38

appoints members of the judicial branch, use of pardon power on convicted criminals

Answer 38

executive branch to judicial branch

Question 39

may declare laws made by congress unconstitutional (judicial review)

Answer 39

judicial branch to legislative branch

Question 40

may declare executive actions unconstitutional (judicial review)

Answer 40

judicial branch to executive branch