Module 6

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

The transport of dissolved substances into cells.

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

The breakdown of absorbed substances.

Question 3

Respiration

Answer 3

The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy.

Question 4

Excretion

Answer 4

The removal of soluble waste materials.

Question 5

Egestion

Answer 5

The removal of non-soluble waste materials.

Question 6

Secretion

Answer 6

The release of biosynthesized substances.

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

Maintaining the status quo.

Question 8

Reproduction

Answer 8

Producing more cells.

Question 9

Cytology

Answer 9

The Study of cells.

Question 10

Cell Wall

Answer 10

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells.

Question 11

Middle Lamella

Answer 11

The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells.

Question 12

Plasma Membrane

Answer 12

The semi-permeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell’s surroundings.

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.

Question 14

Ion

Answer 14

Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons.

Question 15

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Answer 15

The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell’s contents.

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.

Question 17

Lysosome

Answer 17

The organelle in animals responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins. polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids.

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 19

An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell.

Question 20

Rough ER

Answer 20

ER that is dotted with ribosomes.

Question 21

Smooth ER

Answer 21

ER that has no ribosomes.

Question 22

Leucoplasts

Answer 22

Organelles that store starches or oils.

Question 23

Chromoplasts

Answer 23

Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis.

Question 24

Central Vacuole

Answer 24

A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes.

Question 25

Waste Vacuoles

Answer 25

Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion.

Question 26

Phagocytosis

Answer 26

The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances of other cells.

Question 27

Phagocytic Vacuole

Answer 27

A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs.

Question 28

Pinocytic Vesicle

Answer 28

Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules.

Question 29

Secretion Vesicle

Answer 29

Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released.

Question 30

Golgi Bodies

Answer 30

The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell.

Question 31

Microtubules

Answer 31

Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure.

Question 32

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 32

A highly porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Question 33

Chromatin

Answer 33

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell.

Question 34

Cytoskeleton

Answer 34

A network of fibers that hold the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement.

Question 35

Microfilaments

Answer 35

Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton.

Question 36

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 36

Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments.

Question 37

Movement

Answer 37

Locomotion of a cell to one point or another; movement of things within a cell.

Question 38

Irritability

Answer 38

To sense and respond to changes in the cell's surroundings.

Question 39

Phospholipid

Answer 39

A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group.

Question 40

Hydrophilic End

Answer 40

Water-loving

Question 41

Hydrophobic End

Answer 41

Water-fearing

Question 42

Passive Transport

Answer 42

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion.

Question 43

Active Transport

Answer 43

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy.

Question 44

Isotonic Solution

Answer 44

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution.

Question 45

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 45

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in that solution.

Question 46

Plasmolysis

Answer 46

Collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water.

Question 47

Cytolysis

Answer 47

The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure.

Question 48

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 48

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution.

Question 49

Activation Energy

Answer 49

Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going.