Module 6

Question 1

Respiratory system has 4 processes

Answer 1

• Ventilation: breathing: moving air in & out of lungs
• External respiration: O2 going from lungs into blood & CO2 from blood into lungs
• Gas Transport: O2 traveling to cells & CO2 traveling to lungs both by way of the circulatory sys.
• Internal respiration: O2 LEAVE blood & entering cells & CO2 leaving the cells & ENTER the blood

Question 2

Respiratory sys also

*Maintains blood pH homeostasis

Answer 2

*Maintains blood pH homeostasis: reversible reaction CO2+H2O<>H2CO3<>H+ +HCO3- By altering the respiratory rate, the respiratory sys. , can change blood pH

Question 3

Respiratory sys also

*Blood pressure regulation

Answer 3

*Blood pressure regulation: Lungs produce the majority of an enzyme- angiotensinogen converting enzyme (ACE) which when produced leads to increased blood pressure

Question 4

Respiratory sys also

*Sound production

Answer 4

*Sound production: Air is forced past the vocal cords & folds causing them to vibrate & produce sound waves. Oral & nasal cavities & tongue teeth, & lips affect the final sound product

Question 5

Respiratory sys also

*Sense of smell

Answer 5

*Sense of smell: Chemoreceptors for olfaction are located in the superior region of the nasal cavity

Question 6

Respiratory sys also

*Defense

Answer 6

Foreign material is filtered & trapped by hair & mucus & removed by the mucociliary escalator sys. and phagocytes

Question 7

Nasal Cavity is divided in midline by

Answer 7

nasal septum

Question 8

Nose is comprised of

Answer 8

Bone & Hyaline Cartilage

Question 9

Which structures create air turbulence

Answer 9

3 ridges of bone in nasal cavity (conchae) & 3 meatus or tunnels beneath the conchae that act together slow down the air to warm & humidified by blood that flows through the mucus membranes.
Prevents dmg to more sensitive, deeper respiratory structures

Question 10

Pharynx

Answer 10

passageway for food & air

Question 11

Nasopharynx

Answer 11

passageway for air & superior to oral cavity & posterior to soft palate.

Question 12

Larynx

Answer 12

Voicebox above the trachea. Functions as a passageway for air & sound production. Is supported by 9 cartilages by ligaments & muscle. Ligaments vibrate to cause sound

Question 13

Epiglottis

Answer 13

Spoon-shape elastic cartilage. Flexible flap to prevent food from passing to the lower respiratory tract.
Covers larynx & food slides against it to the esophagus.
Cough reflex not active during sleep

Question 14

Glottis

Answer 14

The focal fold with the space between folds.

Question 15

Vestibular Ligaments

Answer 15

Vestibular folds or false vocal cords above real vocal cords
Are for protection of real vocal cords
During swallowing both the vocal & vestibular folds pinch together to close the glottis to seal the opening to the trachea.

Question 16

Valsalva’s maneuver

Answer 16

Epiglottis & glottis close so air cannot escape & abdominal muscles simultaneously contract
Increases intrabdominopelvic cavity pressure.
Used to release urine from the bladder & feces from the rectum & babies from birth canal.
Stabilizes body trunk during weight lifting.

Question 17

Sound production

Answer 17

Long & thick = lower range voice
Short & thin = High range voice
Pitch & frequency can change due to tension on vocal folds.
Loudness by the larynx is the force of air going past the vocal cords

Question 18

Trachae

Answer 18

Windpipe: inferior to the larynx
Dense fibrous connective tissue.
C shaped hayline cartilage rings provide rigidity to prevent collapse due to pressure changes