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ANAT 100 > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

PNS

A

Sensory (afferent)
Motor (efferent)

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2
Q

Sensory (afferent)

A

transmit sensory info periphery

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3
Q

Motor (efferent)

A

Somatic & Automatc

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4
Q

Somatic

A

VOLUNTARY motor control of skeletal muscle

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5
Q

Automatic

A

INVOLUNTARY motor contorl of smooth and cardiac muscle

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6
Q

Automatic

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic

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7
Q

Sympathetic

A

fight & flight response

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7
Q

Parasympathetic

A

rest & digest response

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8
Q

Cranial Nerves

A
  • 12 Pairs
  • carry sensory, motor info or both
  • emerge in PAIRS from brain & brain stem
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9
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory Nerve

Smell

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10
Q

CN II

A

Optic Nerve

Vision

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11
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor Nerve

Movement of eye

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12
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear Nerve

Movement of eye

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13
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal nerve

Forehead, eye, upper/lower jaw, muscles of mastication

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14
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens Nerve

Movement of eye

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15
Q

CN VII

A

Facial Nerve

Taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue
Muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic innervation of tear & salivary glands

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16
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocohlear Nerve

Equilibrium & hearing

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17
Q

CN X

A

Vagus Nerve

sensory innervation of the larynx
pharyn and larync muscles, parasympathetic innervation of the thoracis and abdominal organs

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18
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory Nerve

TRapezius & sternocleidomastoid muscle

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19
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

Muscle of the tongue

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20
Q

Spinal Nerves

A
  • emerge from spinal cord
  • 31 pairs
  • formed via union of posterior (sensory) + anterior (motor) roots of spinal cord
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21
Q

How are spinal nerves classified

A

LETTER (region of spinal cord) + NUMBER (level of spinal cord)

*exception: C8 (between C7 & T1)

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22
Q

Nerve Plexuse

A

spinal nerves exit vertebral column –> fibres from anterior root –> COMBINe, form network of nerves (plexuse)

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23
Q

Plexus

A

fibres (axons) from spinal nerves

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24
Nerve Plexuse functions
Supply muscle sof LIMBS wiht nerves (innervation) Enlarge spinal cord (cervical & lumbosacral enlargement)
25
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) responsibility
transmit involuntary signals from CNS --> smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands
26
3 cell bodies from CNS --> PNS
1) preganglionic neuron 2) autonomic ganglion 3) postganglionic neuron
27
Sympathetic Pathways
nerve exit from spinal cord to supply INNERVATION to body
28
Parasympathetic Pathways
orginates from brainstem or sacrum
29
Vision- Accessory Structures
* lacrimal gland * eyelid * extrinsic eye muscle
30
Lacrimal Gland
* produce TEARS * keep cornea clean
31
Eyelid
Open eyelid: Levator palpebrae superioris muscle Close eyelid: Orbicularis oculi muscle
32
Cavities of Eye
* anterior cavity * lens * posterior cavity
33
Anterioir Cavity
* has anteior & posteiror chamber * contrains AQUEOUS HUMOUR (water fluid)
34
Lends
Seperates cavities
35
Posterior Cavity
Contains Vitreous humour (GELATINOUS FLUID)
36
Layers of Eye
Sensory (deep layer) Vascular (middle layer) Fibrous (outer layer)
37
Sensory Tuntic (retina) | 4 features
1) Neural Layer 2) Optical Disc 3) Macula 4) Optical Nerve
38
Vascular Tunic (uveal tract) | 3 features
1) Choroid 2) Ciliary Body 3) Iris
39
Fibrous Tunic | 2 continous features
1) sclera 2) cornea
40
External Ear
sounds waves --> travel via extenral auditory canal --> tympanic membrane --> causes virbration | CERUMINOUS GLANDS present here (secrete ear wax)
41
Middle Ear
1) Ossicles (SMALLEST bone) 2) Tympanic Cavity 3) Roung and OVal Windows (middle + inner ear) 4) Eustachian Tubes (middle ear + nasopharynx) | within temporal bone, transmit hearing sonud waves
42
Ossicles
Transmit sound waves to receptors @ INNER EAR
43
Parts of Ossicles
1) Malleus (hammer) *attached/behind tympanic membrane 2) Incus (anvil) 3) Stapes (stirrup) *smallest bone
44
Inner Ear
1) Vestibular Apparatus (balance) 2) Cochlea (hearing) ## Footnote Make labyrinth (membrane/endolymph fluid, bony/perilymph fluid)
45
Hormones
Released by endodcrine glands Act as chemical messengers
46
endocrine glands
1) pituitary gland 'master gland' 2) thyroid gland 3) parathyroid gland 4) adrenal gland 'suprarenal gland' 5) pancreas
47
Pituitary Gland 'master gland'
* @ brain base (sits in sphenoid bone) * Extends from hypothalamus * produce and releases hormones
48
Thyroid Gland
* anterior to trachea * produce thyroid hormones * calcium homeostasis
49
Parathyroid Gland
* @ back of thyroid gland * 4 small oval glands * maintain Ca homeostasis
50
Adrenal Gland 'suprarenal gland'
* @ top of each kidney * produce corticosteroids * maintain fluid balance
51
Pancreas
* posteroir to stomach & extends from duodenum to spleen * is endo & exocrine gland * control blood sugar levels
52
Pituitary Gland 2 Lobes
1) anterior (adenohypophysis) 2) posterioir (neurohypophysis)
53
Pituitary Gland: Anterior (adenohypophysis)
1. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 2. prolactin (PRL) 3. adrebicitropic (ACTH) 4. Growth Hormone (GH) 5. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH) 6. Melanocyte Stimulating Homrone (MSH)
54
Pituitary Gland: Posterioir (neurohypophysis)
1) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 2) Oxytocin
55
Thyroid Gland
1) right lobe 2) isthmus 3) left lobe
56
Goitre
* thyroid gland EXPANDS due to excess/lack of T3 and T4 * TSH pituitary gland creates T3 and T4 when in excess
57
Histology of thyroid gland
1) Follicular cell (T3 and T4 hromone) --> INCREASE metabolism and O2 consumption 2) C Cell (produce CALCITONIN) --> lower blood Ca conc
58
Parathyroid Glands
* psoterior to thyroid * 4 oval gands * secrete hormones --> contribute to CALCIUM HOMEOSTSIS
59
Histology of Parathyroid Glands
Principle cells (produce PTH) --> INCRASE ca ion conc in blood
60
Adrenal Glands
* 2 pyramid shaped structures (superior to each kidney) * Cortex * Medulla
61
Adrenal Cortex
* +24 hormones (corticosterioid) * OUTER: mineralocorticoid * glucorticoid * INNER: androgens (sec hormones)
62
Adernal Medulla
Core of adrenal gland produces: * epinephrine * norephinephrine * PRODUCES automatic response (fight/flight)
63
Pancreas
* long lobular organ * posterior to stomach * MEDIAL END (HEAD: reach duodenum * LATERAL END (TAIL): extend to spleen
64
Histology of pancreas
**ALPHA cells:** produce glucagon (INCREASE glucose level) (HYPERglycemic hormone) **BETA cells: **produce hormone insulin (DECREASE glucose levels) (HYPOglycemic hormone)
65
Other glands
* thymus * kidneys * digestive system * gonads * heart
66
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
act on thyroid gland --> release hormones
67
Prolactin (PRL)
induce mammary glands --> produce milk
68
adrenocotropic (ACTH)
act on adrenal glands --> release hormones
69
GRowth Hormone (GH)
Stimulate growth
70
Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Act on glands --> stimulate maturation of oocytes & secrete testosterone/sperm, estrogen & progesterone
71
Melanocyte Stiulating Hormone (MSH)
Stiualte melanocyte @ skin (produce pigment)
72
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
reabsorb water @ kidneys
73
Oxytocin
* promote uterine contractiosn during childbirth * breastfeeding
74
Vestibular Apparatus (balance)
1) semicircuarl canal (ROTATIONAL movement) 2) uticle & saccule (POSITIONAL movement)
75
Where are impulse sent from the choleral duct to?
CN VIII

ANAT 100 (4 decks)

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