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Pharm Exam 3 (Ana) > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of respiratory acidosis is this?
* opiates
* anesthetics
* sedatives
* oxygen deprivation
* Cardiac arrest

A

Acute (inhibition of medullary control center)

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2
Q

What kind of respiratory acidosis is this?
* Extreme obesity
* Brain lesions

A

Chronic (inhibition of medullary control center)

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3
Q

What kind of respiratory acidosis is this?
Paresis by
* Mg
* paralysis
* drugs
* hypokalemia

A

Acute (disorder of skeletal muscle/CW)

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4
Q

What kind of respiratory acidosis is this?
* Paresis (spinal cord injury)
* Extreme obesity
* Rib fractures

A

Chronic (Disorder of skeletal muscles/CW)

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5
Q

What kind of respiratory acidosis is this?
* Aspiration
* Laryngealospasm

A

Acute (airway obstruction)

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6
Q

What kind of respiratory acidosis?
* Neoplasia
* Collapsing trachea
* Laryngeal paralysis

A

Chronic (airway obstruction)

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7
Q

These are re examples of what
* Cardiogenic
* pulmonaryedema
* Asthma/pneumonia
* Pneumothorax
* Hemothorax
* Pyothorax
* Chylothorax
* Embolic shower

A

Acute respiratory acidosis

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8
Q
  • COPD
  • Bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Extreme obesity
  • Neoplasia
    These are examples of what
A

Chronic respiratory acidosis

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9
Q

true breathing and normal breathing (WNL)

A

eupnea

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10
Q

Slow breathing and only important for sleep studies

A

Bradypnea

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11
Q

Increase breathing (NOT hyperventilation)

A

Tachypnea

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12
Q

difficulty breathing

A

Dyspnea

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13
Q

Positional based dyspnea (extended neck and wide base stance)

A

Orthopnea

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14
Q

what is the normal pH

A

7.4

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15
Q

Normal HCO3

A

24 mEq/L

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16
Q

Normal PCO2

A

40 mEq/L

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17
Q

Fixed acids are made by the ___________

A

Kidneys

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18
Q

Volatile acids are handled by the ___________

A

lungs

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19
Q

Lactic acid is created by anaerobic metabolism and is what kind of acid?

A

Fixed acid

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20
Q

Fixed acids cannot be

A

Exhaled

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21
Q

increase in fixed acids and loss of HCO3 (diarrhea) is what kind of disturbance?

A

Metabolic acidosis

22
Q

Loss of acid (Vomiting) and increase in HCO3- what kind of disturbance

A

Metabolic alkalosis

23
Q

An acid that can be exhaled is a

A

volatile acid

24
Q

An acid that can be exhaled is a volatile acid what are examples of this?

A
  • Ketones
  • CO2
25
Q
  • H2S04
  • HSO2
  • NH4+
  • B-OH
    these are?
A

Fixed (non-volatile) acid

26
Q

CO2 is an ___________ acid

A

apparent

27
Q

CO2 + H20 = H2CO3 (weak acid that acts ___________)

A

Strong

28
Q

Vomiting can cause

A

Metabolic alkalosis

29
Q

what is the most important values related to acid-base

A

Va= Alveolar ventilation

30
Q
  • Hairball
  • Pulmonary edema (in lungs) decrease compliance
  • Tumor in bronchi
  • Hyper Mucous
    What kind of resp issues are these?
A

Obstructive

31
Q
  • Trachea compromised
  • Ribs broke
    What kind of resp issue is this?
A

Restrictive

32
Q

If a dog is Hypoxic. What acid base problem might it have?

A

Resp acidosis

33
Q

A dog is experiencing a diaphragmatic hernia what kind of acidosis is this?

A

Respiratory acidosis

34
Q

What is the expected change in PaCO2 secondary to a significant V/Q mismatch caused by diaphragmatic paresis

A

PaCO2 with increase

35
Q

What can hypoventilation cause?

A

Respiratory acidosis (too much CO2)

36
Q

what can hyperventilation cause?

A

Respiratory alkalosis ( loss of CO2)

37
Q

COPD can cause what?

A

Respiratory acidosis (hypoventilation)

38
Q

which hematological variable represents the best index of decreased FiO2

A

Decreased PaO2

39
Q

Identify the obstructive pulmonary disease

A

Impairment of mucus clearance

40
Q

T/F: Pulmonary embolism can lead to hypoxemia and hypercapnia and precipitate a combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis

A

T

41
Q

Can Atelectasis, secondary to a pneumothorax, cause a change in a major V/Q mismatch

A

yes

42
Q

What can lead to a V/Q mismatch and lead to a acid base disturbance during surgery

A

CNS-acting drugs during anesthesia

43
Q

A is normal. What pair best reflects a metabolic alkalosis

A

A-C

44
Q

Which mechanism is responsible for the movement of gases across the alveolar:blood interface

A

Simple diffusion

45
Q

A is Normal. What does A-F pair tell you?

A

Respiratory acidosis

46
Q

A is Normal. Which pair best represents a metabolic acidosis?

A

A-B

47
Q

A is Normal. which pair best represents respiratory alkalosis?

A

A-E

48
Q

What pair best represents a respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation

A

D-F

49
Q

Imagine there is a dot to the right of B with a pH below normal. We will call this imaginary dot G. What would B-G pair tell you?

A

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory comp (Resp alkalosis)

50
Q

A dog comes in with shortness of breath.
* pH= 7.30
* PaCO2= 50
* HCO3-= 24.
What is this dog’s primary disturbance?

A

Respiratory acidosis

51
Q

A bulldog comes in with vomiting.
* pH= 7.56
* PaCO2= 39 mmhg
* HCO3= 37
What is his primary disturbance

A

Metabolic alkalosis

52
Q

A pitty mix comes in and you don’t know what the hell is wrong. So for whatever reason you check his acid-base levels.
* pH= 7.2
* PACO2= 50
* PaCO2= 56
* HCO3= 24
What tf is wrong?

A

Respiratory acidosis

Pharm Exam 3 (Ana) (3 decks)

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