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STS > MODULE 6 > Flashcards

MODULE 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How many cycles of glacial advance and retreat have occurred in the last 650,000 years?

A

Seven

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2
Q

What marked the beginning of the modern era about 7,000 years ago?

A

The abrupt end of the last ice age

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3
Q

What causes most of the Earth’s past climate changes?

A

Small variations in Earth’s orbit affecting solar energy received

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4
Q

How does Earth maintain its habitable conditions?

A

By being wrapped in a layer of greenhouse gases that act like a blanket

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5
Q

A change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns lasting for an extended period (decades to millions of years)

A

Climate Change

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6
Q

Name three observable effects of global climate change.

A

Shrinking glaciers, earlier ice breakup on rivers/lakes, and shifting plant and animal ranges

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7
Q

What are two predicted effects of global climate change now being observed?

A

Global temperature rise and shrinking ice sheets

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8
Q

The increase in average temperature of Earth’s near-surface air and oceans, largely due to human influence

A

global warming

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9
Q

What percentage of climate scientists agree that climate-warming trends are likely due to human activities?

A

Ninety-seven percent

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10
Q

What contributes to global warming?

A

Increased greenhouse gas concentrations, the greenhouse effect, and natural phenomena like volcanic activity

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11
Q

What human activities contribute to climate change?

A

Mining, illegal logging, deforestation, burning fossil fuels, wrong agricultural practices, excessive car use, and industrial waste production

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12
Q

Heat-trapping gases such as water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

A

greenhouse gases

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13
Q

The natural trapping of heat in the troposphere by greenhouse gases, warming the Earth’s atmosphere

A

greenhouse effect

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14
Q

What role do greenhouse gases play in Earth’s temperature regulation?

A

They allow solar energy to pass through the atmosphere, absorb and trap heat, maintaining Earth’s temperature

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15
Q

Who proposed the concept of the greenhouse effect, and when?

A

Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius in 1896

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16
Q

What would Earth’s average surface temperature be without the greenhouse effect?

A

. -18°C, making it cold and lifeless

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17
Q

How have atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases changed in recent decades?

A

CO2, CFCs, methane, and nitrous oxide levels have risen significantly

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18
Q

What human activities increase greenhouse gas levels?

A

Burning fossil fuels, agriculture, deforestation, and use of CFCs

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19
Q

What are the main greenhouse gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect?

A

Water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)

20
Q

How does water vapor contribute to the greenhouse effect?

A

It absorbs heat radiated from Earth’s surface and radiates it back, acting as a secondary source of warmth

21
Q

Why is water vapor considered the most important greenhouse gas?

A

It plays a key role in transferring heat and energy from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere

22
Q

What percentage of greenhouse gas emissions is carbon dioxide responsible for?

A

About 75%

23
Q

What is a key source of carbon dioxide emissions?

A

Burning organic materials like coal, oil, gas, wood, and solid waste

24
Q

Why is methane considered a potent greenhouse gas despite its shorter atmospheric lifetime?

A

It is at least 84 times more potent than carbon dioxide over two decades

25
Q

What are the primary sources of methane emissions?

A

Landfills, natural gas and petroleum industries, and agriculture (especially grazing animals)

26
Q

How does nitrous oxide compare to carbon dioxide in terms of potency and lifetime?

A

It is 264 times more powerful over 20 years and lasts over a century in the atmosphere

27
Q

What are the major sources of nitrous oxide emissions?

A

Agriculture and livestock (fertilizer, manure, and residue burning) and burning fuel

28
Q

What are some effects of human-caused climate change?

A

More frequent and severe droughts, snowstorms, and extreme winter weather in temperate regions

29
Q

How is warming Arctic weather affecting other regions

A

It is causing extreme winter weather and snowstorms in temperate regions

30
Q

What is happening to coral reefs due to climate change?

A

Warming ocean temperatures are increasing the frequency of coral reef bleaching

31
Q

How are forests being affected by climate change?

A

Warmer, drier weather is preventing some forests from recovering from wildfires

32
Q

How is wildlife being impacted by climate change?

A

Wildlife habitats around the world are becoming less hospitable to animals

33
Q

What does environmental awareness help us understand?

A

The fragility of our environment and the importance of its protection

34
Q

It fosters a sense of connection to the natural world, promotes sustainable development, and encourages conservation of resources and species

A

Why environmental awareness is important

35
Q

It helps people understand the economic, aesthetic, and biological importance of preserving resources and reducing harmful human impacts

A

How environmental awareness educate people

36
Q

It helps people realize the consequences of human activities and identifies solutions for environmental problems

A

role of environmental education

37
Q

Why is it important to promote environmental education for future generations?

A

To prevent passing on environmental problems to future generations and to ensure a bright future for them

38
Q

How can individuals contribute to environmental awareness

A

By recognizing the worth of good quality living and doing their part in protecting the environment

39
Q

A major venue for developing environmental awareness by forming children’s positive attitudes towards the environment.

A

School

40
Q

A process that allows individuals to explore environmental issues, engage in problem-solving, and take action to improve the environment.

A

Environmental education

41
Q

Awareness and sensitivity to the environment, knowledge and understanding of the environment, attitudes of concern, skills to resolve challenges, and participation in activities to resolve environmental issues.

A

components of environmental education

42
Q

What skills does environmental education develop in individuals

A

It develops skills to make informed decisions, solve problems, and take responsible actions to improve the environment.

43
Q

How does environmental education help in solving problems?

A

It teaches individuals how to weigh various options and use problem-solving and decision-making skills to arrive at the best solution.

44
Q

What are the top 3 benefits of environmental education?

A

It heightens imagination and enthusiasm, enhances critical and creative thinking, and encourages healthy lifestyles.

45
Q

How does environmental education impact communities?

A

It strengthens communities by promoting responsible actions to better the environment.

46
Q

How does environmental education impact communities?

A

It strengthens communities by promoting responsible actions to better the environment.

STS (2 decks)

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