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Speech Science > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

Respiration 2/12

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1
Q

What is the respiratory tract divided into ?

A

upper and lower areas

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2
Q

The respiratory tract is lined with _____ or small hair cells that work to remove any pollutants
o very protective
o move foreign bodies up and out the trachea

A

Cilia

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3
Q

Trachea is a _____ tube made up of cartilage rings and membranes.

A

flexible

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4
Q

Trachea divides into 2 main _____.

A

bronchi

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5
Q

bronchiole are divide ______ times and finally into alveoli

A

27/28

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6
Q
  • alveoli—small air sacs in lungs where the ___________ takes place.
    o very thin barrier between the O2 you take in and the capillaries that surround the alveoli.
A

oxygen exchange

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7
Q

What is the small artery that leads to a capillary network that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteriole

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8
Q

What connect the capillaries to the pulmonary vein, directing the oxygen-rich blood from the capillaries to the pulmonary vein towards the heart?

A

Pulmonary venules-

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9
Q

What is the oxygen exchange ?

A

Heart
Body
Heart
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary Arterioles
Capillaries ( O2 exchange )
Pulmonary Venules
Pulmonary vein

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10
Q

Lungs are _____ and ______

A

elastic and spongy

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11
Q

What won’t move by themselves but fill up any available space made to them ?

A

passive

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12
Q

What is linings of organs and cavities?

A

Pleura

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13
Q

visceral pleura is around the ______

A

Lungs

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14
Q

parietal pleura—around the ____________ of the thoracic cavity.

A

thoracic wall

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15
Q

What is * complicated system of cartilages and bones that surround the lungs for protection, but also help move it?

A

Thorax

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16
Q

What is collarbone ?

A

Clavicle

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17
Q

( Blank) has ribs _____1-7_______ all directly attach to sternum. (true ribs)

A

Sternum

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18
Q

What is barreled shapedcapable of some movement
they can move up and out

A

Ribs

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19
Q

vertebral column is the ______ ______
-Quite flexible

A

back bone

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20
Q

What is the MOST important muscle in inspiration ?(breathing in
o big bowl-shaped muscle attached to the bottom of the rib cage.
o contracts DOWN, pushing down on abdominal cavity.
o At rest -> bowl
o does the most work and is the “right” way to breathe.

A

Diaphragm

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21
Q

READ OVER

A
  • External Intercostal Muscles- between ribs around to vertebral column
  • Internal Intercostal Muscles- between ribs especially on sternum—these overlap in a ___Criss cross_________ pattern.
  • Accessory muscles that help to breathe:
    o Part of the Neck muscles:
     sternocleidomastoid muscle
     scalenes–underneath
22
Q

pectoralis major and minor probably help _____ ribs -inspiration

A

Lift

23
Q

Posterior Thoracic Muscles
muscles of the back and shoulders –mixed function
______ and possibly raising for respiration.

A

stabilize

24
Q

Abdominal Muscles is mostly for ________
—these muscles squeeze back on the abdominal viscera
* Includes: external oblique, internal oblique, transverse, and rectus abdominus
-These all make a four way Criss cross pattern

A

expiration

25
Q

inhalation is
a. active
b. passive

A

Active

26
Q

Exhalation is __ when at rest and more muscles when you’re speaking.

a. passive
b. active

A

Passive

27
Q

Respiration is like a

A

syringe

28
Q

What is the force exerted on walls of a chamber by molecules of air?

A

Air pressure

29
Q

If you close this chamber and change volume, you will change pressure.

A
  • Pressure = Force/Area
  • Less area —> increases pressure.
30
Q

Boyles law has a _____ relationship between air pressure and volume size

A

inverse
* Increase volume>pressure decreases.
* Decrease volume >pressure increases.

31
Q

air pressure outside =

A

air pressure inside lungs

32
Q

For speech, the inspiratory phase is _____% and the expiratory phase is _____%.

a. 10% , 90%
b. 40 , 60

A

a. 10% , 90%

33
Q

For breathing, inspiration is about ___% and expiration is around ____%.
a. 10% , 90%
b. 40 , 60

A

b. 40 , 60

34
Q

______ Inspiration
- only the diaphragm.

A

Quiet

35
Q

_______ Inspiration
add more muscles.

A

Forced

36
Q

Inspiration is NEVER ____ (always use muscle)
a. active
b. passive

A

passive

37
Q

Expiration can be:
passive when there is NO use of ____.

A

muscles.

38
Q

Expiration can be:
active when there are muscles are _____.

A

Added

39
Q

What measurement of air volumes and capacities?

A

Spirometry

40
Q

____ (in liters, ml, or cc) is one primary subdivision of the total amount of air that can be contained in the lungs.

A

Volume

41
Q

____(in l, ml, or cc) is the sum of 2 or more volumes.

A

Capacity

42
Q

What is the volume of air exchanged during a specified task?

A

Tidal Volume (TV)

43
Q

What is the volume of air exchanged when at rest?
-about 700 ml for an adult male; 300 ml for female. An average of 500 is often given.

A

Resting Tidal Volume

44
Q

What is thethe volume of air that can be inspired with a maximal effort above the end-inspiration phase of resting tidal breathing?

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV

45
Q

What is the volume of air that can be forced out of the respiratory system with a maximal effort below the end-expiration phase of resting tidal breathing?

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

46
Q

What is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration?

A

Residual Volume (RV)

47
Q

_______ the volume of air that can be maximally inhaled following a maximal exhalation. (Or vice versa)
o 4.5 liters—males 3.75 liters—females
o VC = IRV + TV + ERV
o Vital Capacity is often used as an index of a person’s pulmonary capacity.

A

Vital Capacity (VC)

48
Q

What is the the volume of air that can be inspired at the end-expiratory point of rest tidal breathing?
o IC = IRV + TV

A

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

49
Q

What is the the volume of air contained in the lungs after the expiration phase of normal rest breathing?
o FRC = ERV + RV

A

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC

50
Q

What it the total volume of air that can be contained in the lungs.
o TC = IRV + ERV + RV +TV = IC + FRC

A

Total Capacity (TC)

Speech Science (8 decks)

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