Module 6 Flashcards
Respiration 2/12
What is the respiratory tract divided into ?
upper and lower areas
The respiratory tract is lined with _____ or small hair cells that work to remove any pollutants
o very protective
o move foreign bodies up and out the trachea
Cilia
Trachea is a _____ tube made up of cartilage rings and membranes.
flexible
Trachea divides into 2 main _____.
bronchi
bronchiole are divide ______ times and finally into alveoli
27/28
- alveoli—small air sacs in lungs where the ___________ takes place.
o very thin barrier between the O2 you take in and the capillaries that surround the alveoli.
oxygen exchange
What is the small artery that leads to a capillary network that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary arteriole
What connect the capillaries to the pulmonary vein, directing the oxygen-rich blood from the capillaries to the pulmonary vein towards the heart?
Pulmonary venules-
What is the oxygen exchange ?
Heart
Body
Heart
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary Arterioles
Capillaries ( O2 exchange )
Pulmonary Venules
Pulmonary vein
Lungs are _____ and ______
elastic and spongy
What won’t move by themselves but fill up any available space made to them ?
passive
What is linings of organs and cavities?
Pleura
visceral pleura is around the ______
Lungs
parietal pleura—around the ____________ of the thoracic cavity.
thoracic wall
What is * complicated system of cartilages and bones that surround the lungs for protection, but also help move it?
Thorax
What is collarbone ?
Clavicle
( Blank) has ribs _____1-7_______ all directly attach to sternum. (true ribs)
Sternum
What is barreled shapedcapable of some movement
they can move up and out
Ribs
vertebral column is the ______ ______
-Quite flexible
back bone
What is the MOST important muscle in inspiration ?(breathing in
o big bowl-shaped muscle attached to the bottom of the rib cage.
o contracts DOWN, pushing down on abdominal cavity.
o At rest -> bowl
o does the most work and is the “right” way to breathe.
Diaphragm
READ OVER
- External Intercostal Muscles- between ribs around to vertebral column
- Internal Intercostal Muscles- between ribs especially on sternum—these overlap in a ___Criss cross_________ pattern.
- Accessory muscles that help to breathe:
o Part of the Neck muscles:
sternocleidomastoid muscle
scalenes–underneath
pectoralis major and minor probably help _____ ribs -inspiration
Lift
Posterior Thoracic Muscles
muscles of the back and shoulders –mixed function
______ and possibly raising for respiration.
stabilize
Abdominal Muscles is mostly for ________
—these muscles squeeze back on the abdominal viscera
* Includes: external oblique, internal oblique, transverse, and rectus abdominus
-These all make a four way Criss cross pattern
expiration
inhalation is
a. active
b. passive
Active
Exhalation is __ when at rest and more muscles when you’re speaking.
a. passive
b. active
Passive
Respiration is like a
syringe
What is the force exerted on walls of a chamber by molecules of air?
Air pressure
If you close this chamber and change volume, you will change pressure.
- Pressure = Force/Area
- Less area —> increases pressure.
Boyles law has a _____ relationship between air pressure and volume size
inverse
* Increase volume>pressure decreases.
* Decrease volume >pressure increases.
air pressure outside =
air pressure inside lungs
For speech, the inspiratory phase is _____% and the expiratory phase is _____%.
a. 10% , 90%
b. 40 , 60
a. 10% , 90%
For breathing, inspiration is about ___% and expiration is around ____%.
a. 10% , 90%
b. 40 , 60
b. 40 , 60
______ Inspiration
- only the diaphragm.
Quiet
_______ Inspiration
add more muscles.
Forced
Inspiration is NEVER ____ (always use muscle)
a. active
b. passive
passive
Expiration can be:
passive when there is NO use of ____.
muscles.
Expiration can be:
active when there are muscles are _____.
Added
What measurement of air volumes and capacities?
Spirometry
____ (in liters, ml, or cc) is one primary subdivision of the total amount of air that can be contained in the lungs.
Volume
____(in l, ml, or cc) is the sum of 2 or more volumes.
Capacity
What is the volume of air exchanged during a specified task?
Tidal Volume (TV)
What is the volume of air exchanged when at rest?
-about 700 ml for an adult male; 300 ml for female. An average of 500 is often given.
Resting Tidal Volume
What is thethe volume of air that can be inspired with a maximal effort above the end-inspiration phase of resting tidal breathing?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV
What is the volume of air that can be forced out of the respiratory system with a maximal effort below the end-expiration phase of resting tidal breathing?
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
What is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration?
Residual Volume (RV)
_______ the volume of air that can be maximally inhaled following a maximal exhalation. (Or vice versa)
o 4.5 liters—males 3.75 liters—females
o VC = IRV + TV + ERV
o Vital Capacity is often used as an index of a person’s pulmonary capacity.
Vital Capacity (VC)
What is the the volume of air that can be inspired at the end-expiratory point of rest tidal breathing?
o IC = IRV + TV
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
What is the the volume of air contained in the lungs after the expiration phase of normal rest breathing?
o FRC = ERV + RV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC
What it the total volume of air that can be contained in the lungs.
o TC = IRV + ERV + RV +TV = IC + FRC
Total Capacity (TC)
