Module 5A

Question 1

Gamete

Answer 1

A sex cell

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

A type of cell division in which the mother diploid cell (a cell with two full sets of chromosomes) creates daughter haploid cells (cells with only a single set of chromosomes)

Question 3

Mitosis

Answer 3

A type of cell division in which the mother cell divides to produce two new cells that are genetically identical to the mother.

There are five stages of mitosis, Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.

Question 4

Zygote

Answer 4

A fertilised egg

Question 5

Haploid

Answer 5

A cell with only one set of chromosomes

Question 6

Diploid

Answer 6

A cell with two full sets of chromosomes

Question 7

Gymnosperm

Answer 7

Non-flowering plants that use seeds to sexually reproduce

Question 8

Angiosperm

Answer 8

Flowering plants that use seeds to sexually reproduce

Question 9

Endosperm

Answer 9

The part of a seed which acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo.

It develops when one of the plant sperm cells join with two polar nuclei.

Question 10

Double fertilisation

Answer 10

‘Double fertilisation’ refers to the act of two sperm cells forming new cells at the same time, one sperm combining with the egg nucleus to create the zygote, and other joining with the two polar nuclei to become the endosperm.

Question 11

Gametophyte

Answer 11

Refers to the sexually reproductive gamete-forming haploid stage and structure in a plant’s life.

Question 12

Sporophyte

Answer 12

Refers to the asexually reproducing spore-forming diploid stage and structures of a plants life.

Question 13

What is the scientific name for a sex cell?

Answer 13

A haploid gamete

Question 14

External fertilisation

Answer 14

When an organism’s gametes (sex cells) are fertilised outside of the organism’s body. Often occurs with aquatic creatures as external fertilisation requires water.

Question 15

Internal Fertilisation

Answer 15

When a male organism transfers sperm cells directly into the female to fertilise her eggs

Question 16

Internal Fertilisation

Answer 16

When a male organism transfers sperm cells directly into the female to fertilise her eggs

Question 17

Spore

Answer 17

A spore is a reproductive plant cell capable of developing into a new plant without requiring fusion with another reproductive cell.
Spores can be produced either asexually or sexually.

Question 18

Cross pollination

Answer 18

The transfer of pollen from one plant’s anther to another plant of the same species’ stigma.

Question 18

Hyphae

Answer 18

Tiny branching filaments that spread through the material on which the fungus feeds.

Question 19

Mycelium

Answer 19

An interwoven mass of hyphae

Question 20

Mushroom

Answer 20

The reproductive structure or fruiting body of fungi that releases spores into the environment

Question 21

Cytokinesis

Answer 21

The separation of the cytoplasm to form two seperate cells

Question 22

How do most unicellular fungi (yeasts) reproduce?

Answer 22

Asexually, through the process of budding

Question 23

What happens during ‘budding’

Answer 23

A bud forms on a yeast cell, while the DNA replicates inside the nucleus (called nuclear division).
After the bud is nearly as big as the parent, cytokinesis occurs, separating the cytoplasm to form two seperate cells.

Question 24

Binary fission

Answer 24

The asexual reproductive process of prokaryotes (like bacteria and archaea)

Question 25

How binary fission occurs

Answer 25

Chromosomes begin to replicate from the origin of replication. Once duplicated, the copy of the origin moves to the opposite end of the cell. The cell elongates, and then the plasma membrane grows inwards at the centre to divide into two (called cytokinesis).

Question 26

Bacteria have only one copy of chromosome, meaning they are

Answer 26

Diploid