Module 5.3 Flashcards
- Before the Enlightenment, there were countless wars and strife and it almost brought Europe into a collapse
- Kings were dethroned, and beheaded, some were exiled and governments were unstable
- People demanded for decorum and an orderly civilization
- Europe adopted the worldview that Reason must remain the chief faculty over Passion.
The 18th Century - The Age of Reason/Enlightenment
– During the age of reason also evolved into something that favored a cohesive civilization as opposed to mere individual interest and the irrational.
The Arts and Sciences
– He is the embodiment of the Enlightenment period in America
Benjamin Franklin
- French philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopedie
- A Publication which is considered to be the start of society’s de-christianization
Denis Diderot
- Experienced execution.
- He was tortured and beheaded before his body was burnt on a pyre along with Voltaire’s nailed to his torso.
Francois-Jean Lefebvre de la Barre
- Denounce the arbitrary nature of justice
Voltaire
- A Famous art movement during 18th Century
Rococo Art
- A painter who was the first to use Rococo style
Antoine Watteau
-A new form of architecture was also formed in this century
- It is an American form of Neo-Classicism or NeoPalladianism
created by Thomas Jefferson
Jeffersonian Architecture
he quoted “what does reason fail to address?”
Edmund Burke
– teamed together and wrote a collection of poems in 1798, called Lyrical Ballads as an experiment in a new, emotional, personal and visionary form of expression
William Wordsworth: Tackled poetry about nature
Samuel Coleridge: Tackled poetry about dreams, visions and the glories and dangers of imagination
– Made a radical break from the 18th century tradition of representing non-European people
Marie-Guillemine Benoist
- French painter who shifted his emphasis from heroism to suffering and from victors to victims
Theodore Gericault
- He Was born after the revolution.
- His ambition was to paint large history pictures in the grand manner, in the tradition of Michelangelo and Rubens
Eugene Delacroix
- He was as coined as the “Devotee of Raphael” the champion of lines and the opponent of Delacroix
Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres
- The first photographic process
Heliography
- Also referred to as pinhole image, is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of a scene at the other side of a screen is projected through a small hole in that screen as a reversed and inverted image on a surface opposite to the opening.
Camera Obscura
- They publicly announced their independent inventions of photography.
Louis Jacques-Mande Daguerre (1787-1851) and William Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877)
- Patented the Calotype, a unique form of Daguerreotype
- The first negative-positive process that made it possible to multiply the same image, by means of an intermediate negative on a solver chloride paper made translucid with wax
William Henry Fox Talbot
- Began as a rejection of the imagination and subjectivism of Romanticism
- Focused more on accurate observation of the ordinary world and situations by painting explicit subject matters like politics and prostitution.
Realism
- He is known as the main proponent of Realism
-his paintings challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects.
Gustave Courbet
- He is an American painter whose works, particularly those on marine subjects, are among the most powerful and expressive of the late 19th-century American art
Winslow Homer
- He is regarded as one of the greatest painters of this time
- He was also one of America’s finest realist painters
- As aforemention, Realism is an art style in which everyday scenes and events are painted as they actually look.
Thomas Eakins
- He is former student of Thomas Eakins, was an important African-American artist.
- He studied for a period in Paris
- In 1894, one of his paintings was accepted by the Salon
Henry Ossawa Tanner
- He Was a native of Pennsylvania
- While studying at Paris, he met the Impressionists and was greatly influence by their style of painting
- He slowly shifted to Post
Mary Cassatt
It is an art style that attempts to capture the rapidly changing effects of sunlight on objects.
Impressionism
- Developed impressionism during the early 1860s.
Claude Monet and Other Paris-based Artists
- Became an even greater medium for expression, as it was not afraid to have unorthodox subjects.
- created out of the criticism of Impressionism’s “naturalization”
Post-Impressionism
- A prominent Post-Impressionist artist
- “Don’t copy too much after nature. Art is an abstraction: extract from nature while dreaming before it and concentrate more on creating than on the final result.”
Paul Gaugin
– is one of the most famous and celebrated artists in human history.
- In his paintings, he used twisted lines and forms, intense colors, and rich textures to express deep emotions
Vincent Van Gogh
- Were an important aspect of 19th century society
The Performing Arts
- One exceptional form of play that was formed during the 19th century
- The play is quite dramatic where the plot is sensational and is designed to appeal strongly to the emotions, takes supersede over detailed characterization.
- It typically concentrates on dialogue , which is often bombastic or excessively sentimental, rather than action.
Melodrama
– Another form of theatrical performance that was created during this time
- Began to emerge as modern Western theatre in the 19th century.
- They’re commonly shows that integrate a story with music, range from 30 minutes to 3 hours and are presented in two acts
Musical
The emergence of a new art form called the Advertising Poster helped increase the popularity of the performing arts.
The Art Nouveau
In the late 1880’s various people began experimenting with photography, blending them together to give the illusion of a
Motion Pictures
Created the groundbreaking motion photography The Horse in Motion
Eadweard J. Muybridge
A French inventor who directed Roundhay Garden Scene (1888)
Louis Le Prince
filmed the L’Arrivee d’un Train A la Ciotat,
Auguste and Louis Lumiere
