Module 5 Syntax Vocabulary Practice

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Question 2

constituents and phrases

Answer 2

syntactic units

Question 3

Grammer

Answer 3

in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

Question 4

Pronominalisation

Answer 4

the substitution of a constituent by a pronoun

Question 5

Movement

Answer 5

If a string of words can be moved to other sentential positions, it is proof of the string’s being a constituent

Question 6

Coordination Test

Answer 6

Only constituents that can be coordinated by the coordinating conjunction and

Question 7

Gapping

Answer 7

A fourth kind of test, which works with certain types of phrases

Question 8

Structural ambiguity

Answer 8

In cases in which different interpretations arise through different sentence structures assigned to the same strings of words

Question 9

Head

Answer 9

The most important element of a phrase

Question 10

Noun Phrases

Answer 10

Phrases headed by a noun

Question 11

Determiners

Answer 11

In front of nouns to indicate if referring to something specific or something or a particular type. 3 types: definite articles (a, an, the); demonstratives (this, that, these, those); possessives (my, your, his, her, its, our, their)

Question 12

Phrase structure rules

Answer 12

Whole grammars on the basis of rules that build syntactic structures

Question 13

Subordinate Clauses

Answer 13

This does not express a complete thought and cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence

Question 14

Clause

Answer 14

A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.

Question 15

Sentences

Answer 15

Defined as the largest syntactic units and they are made up of one or more clauses

Question 16

Matrix Clause

Answer 16

The clause within which an embedded clause is embedded.

Question 17

Main Clause

Answer 17

Refers to clauses that can stand on their own

Question 18

Predicate

Answer 18

Tells what the subject is or does

Question 19

Subject-Verb Agreement

Answer 19

A syntactic process which requires subject and verb to share the same person and number features

Question 20

Case Forms

Answer 20

Forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase

Question 21

Transitive Verbs

Answer 21

Verbs that need an object

Question 22

Intransitive Verbs

Answer 22

Verbs that cannot take an object

Question 23

Distransitive

Answer 23

Verbs that can take two objects, like give, or show

Question 24

Direct Object

Answer 24

One of the objects denotes an entity that undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb.

Question 25

Indirect Object

Answer 25

The recipient or the beneficiary of the event denoted by the verb

Question 26

Adverbial

Answer 26

Defined as constituents that provide information about the circumstances of the action denoted by the verb and its subject and object

Question 27

Complement

Answer 27

More general term used in linguistics for such semantically and structurally highly dependent sister constituents of heads

Question 28

Predicative complements

Answer 28

Hence the notion of ‘object’ does not really fit, and the complements of verbs are therefore called by a different name

Question 29

Pro-Form

Answer 29

The established term pronoun

Question 30

Wh-pronoun

Answer 30

Returning to our pronominalisation test, we can see that in (6b) and (6c), the string [every morning] is replaced by a so-called
b. They will go there when? c. When will they go there?

Question 31

Prepositional phrases

Answer 31

a modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object.

Question 32

Adjective phrases

Answer 32

A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun

Question 33

Verb Phrases

Answer 33

The part of a sentence containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject.

Question 34

Adverb Phrases

Answer 34

A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb

Question 35

Projects

Answer 35

Properties onto the phrase as a whole (which is also the reason why phrases are often called projections of their head)

Question 36

Lexical Categories

Answer 36

Classes of words that differ in how other words can be constructed out of them

Question 37

Parts-of-speech

Answer 37

Adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, nouns, pronouns, prepositions, verbs

Question 38

World-classes

Answer 38

A category of words of similar form or function; a part of speech.

Question 39

Syntactic categories

Answer 39

A group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties. All expressions that belong to the same syntactic category have more or less the same syntactic distribution.

Question 40

Tree diagram

Answer 40

A diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes