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STEEL DESIGN > MODULE 5: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR STRESS RESULTANTS > Flashcards

MODULE 5: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR STRESS RESULTANTS Flashcards

1
Q

the ability to conduct rapid calculations enabled structural engineers to produce multiple design iterations to fit the requirements of cost and safety, at a degree of relative accuracy

A

COMPUTER-AIDED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

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2
Q

most commonly recognized structural analysis and design software include:

A
  • Bently Staad.Pro
  • Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional
  • Csi ETABS, SAFE, and SAP software
  • Strand7 - Finite Element Analysis
  • Trimble Tekla Structures
  • Some Filipino authored software like FrameCE
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3
Q

meaning of FEM

A

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

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4
Q

a popular technique for numerically solving differential equations in engineering and mathematics.

A

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

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5
Q

the classic domains of structural analysis, heat transfer. fluid flow, mass transport, and electromagnetic potential are typical areas of its application.

A

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

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6
Q

Its a genetic numerical approach for solving partial differential equations with two or three variables in two or three dimensions.

A

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

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7
Q

The process is further simplified by subdividing a large/complex structure into smaller components called as _____________

A

FINITE ELEMENT

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8
Q

The process of subdividing a large/complex structure into smaller components

A

DISCRETIZATION

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9
Q

the resulting finite elements also known as _________

A

DISCRETE ELEMENTS

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10
Q

In structural engineering, one of the basic examples of this process (DISCRETIZATION) can be observed in the analysis of _________

A

STRUCTURAL SLAB ELEMENTS

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11
Q

Instead of discretization, it is commonly preferred to use the term __________ for slab elements

A

MESHING

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12
Q

For regularly, shaped slabs, ______________ is preferred, while for complex slab geometry, such as when there is the presence of slab opening, __________ is preferred.

A

RECTANGLE/SQUARE MESH
TRIANGULAR MESH

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13
Q

It is important to take note that the ______ of the mesh matters, as the results may be more accurate for ___________ mesh units but would require additional computation.

A

SIZE
SMALLER SIZED

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14
Q

The structural engineer must them choose the balance between ___________ and the ____________ needed for the project.

A

CALCULATION SPEED
LEVEL OF ACCURACY

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15
Q

It is also equally important that the ______________ must be considered, since different __________ may produce different _________

A

ARRANGEMENT/ORIENTATION OF MESH
ARRANGEMENT
RESULTS

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16
Q

One of the methods of structural analysis, a matrix method that makes use of the members’ stiffness relations for computing member forces and displacements in structures and is particularly suited for computer-automated analysis of complex structures including the statically indeterminate type.

A

DIRECT STIFFNESS METHOD

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17
Q

Direct stiffness method is also known as ________

A

MATRIX STIFFNESS METHOD

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18
Q

___________ is the one of the implementations of the finite element method (FEM). In applying the method, the system must be modeled as a set of simpler, idealized elements interconnected at the nodes, also known as __________

A

DIRECT STIFFNES METHOD
ANALYTICAL MODEL

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19
Q

is commonly made up of basic elements such as nodes, beams, and plate elements

A

ANALYTICAL MODEL

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20
Q

Analytical modelling in staad can be done in multiple ways:

A
  • modelling using the USER INTERFACE (UI) DRAWING AREA
  • modelling using the COMMAND LINE EDITOR
  • modelling using STRUCTURAL WIZARD
  • IMPORTING DXF FILES of the analytical model
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21
Q

__________________ is where the model is built completely through the available UI commands of the software itself to add STAAD elements, which includes: ________

A

USER INTERFACE (UI) DRAWING AREA
-NODES
-BEAMS
-PLATES
-SURFACE
-SOLIDS

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22
Q

where the model information can be typed, not relying entirely on the UI itself

A

COMMAND LINE EDITOR

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23
Q

where the whole or parts of the model is created using predefined structural configurations, like common frames, truss models and others.

A

STRUCTURAL WIZARD

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24
Q

modelling processes:

A
  1. ADDITION OF NODES AS ELEMENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
  2. ADDITION OF BEAMS AND/OR PLATES USING THE NODES BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
  3. ADDITION OF STRUCTURAL RESTRAINTS OR SUPPORTS
  4. ASSIGNMENT OF ELEMENT PROPERTIES SUCH AS SECTION PROPERTY MATERIALS, DIMENSIONS AND ROTATIONS
  5. ASSIGNMENT OF LOADS
25
Q

nodes can be modelled using the _________ or the tabulation of coordinates

A

DRAWING AREA

26
Q

Beams can be added using the _________ or by using the tabulation to indicate the __________, and other properties such as the id of the material properties and others

A

MOUSE CURSOR
NODE INCIDENCES

27
Q

________ are modelled at the location of the nodes coinciding the location of actual footing or foundation
supports can be modelled as _________ and others

A

SUPPORTS RESTRAINTS
FIXED, PINNED, SPRING

28
Q

______________ are included in Staad. One can just utilize these predefined properties without manually creating said properties

A

AISC COMMON STEEL SECTIONS

29
Q

Load in Staad can either be ___________ or _________ of load

A

PRIMARY
COMBINATION

30
Q

code-based inputs like directional wind and or static force procedure for seismic are treated as ____________

A

LOAD DEFINITIONS

31
Q

the capacity of a compression member, element, or frame to remain in position and support load, even if forced slightly out of line or position by an added lateral force. Galambos, 1998

A

STABILITY

32
Q

Most steel structures are governed by stability limit states:

A
  • GEOMETRICAL IMPERFECTIONS
  • MEMBER INELASTICITY
  • CONNECTION RIGIDITY
  • SECOND ORDER EFFECT
33
Q

out of plumbness of frame
member cambers

A

GEOMETRICAL IMPERFECTIONS

34
Q

Plastic behavior of steel

A

MEMBER INELASTICITY

35
Q

procedures of stability analysis:

A
  • 1ST ORDER ANALYSIS METHOD
  • EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD (ELM)
  • DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD (DAM)
36
Q

pure structural analysis
“perform” analysis, run

A

1ST ORDER ANALYSIS METHOD

37
Q

second order analysis/ higher order analysis:

A
  • EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD (ELM)
  • DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD (DAM)
38
Q

1st order analysis method
with second order analysis (P-delta effect)
calculation of K factor

A

EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD (ELM)

39
Q

1st order analysis method
with second order analysis (P-delta effect)
inclusion of “notional load”
inelastic behavior of sections

A

DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD (DAM)

40
Q

meaning of SCM in table 2-2 Steel Construction Manual 14th edition

A

SUMMARY COMPARISON OF METHODS

41
Q

a non-linear effect that occurs in structures that are subjected to compression load and lateral displacement

A

P-DELTA EFFECT

42
Q

two types of p-delta effect:

A

P-(TRIANGLE) EFFECT / P-“BIG-DELTA”
P-(GAMMA) EFFECT / P-“SMALL-DELTA”

43
Q
  • associated with displacements of the member ends when the whole structure is taken into consideration
  • “global” or “per system”
A

P-(TRIANGLE) EFFECT / P-“BIG-DELTA”

44
Q
  • associated with local deformation relative to the element chord between end nodes
  • “local” or “per member”
A

P-(GAMMA) EFFECT / P-“SMALL-DELTA”

45
Q

effect of loads acting on the displaced location of joints or nodes in a structure

A

P-BIG DELTA

46
Q

effect of loads acting on the deflected shape of a member between joints or nodes

A

P-SMALL DELTA

47
Q

For older versions of the code, ___________ is recommended

A

EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD (ELM)

48
Q

_____ FOR NEWER VERSION

A

DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD (DAM)

49
Q

advantages of “direct analysis”

A
  • straight forward approach to stability analysis and design
  • small and big delta are accounted
  • geometric imperfections are accounted (through the inclusion of notional loads)
  • inelastic effect are accounted for (through reduction of flexural and axial stiffness)
  • applicable to all types of structures
  • applicable to all any 2nd to1st order effect ratio
50
Q

capacity of compression member

A

STABILITY

51
Q

Compression member

A

COLUMNS

52
Q

deflection/imperfection of members in manufacturing process

A

CAMBERS

53
Q

change of shape of steel under earthquake

A

PLASTIC BEHAVIOR OF STEEL

54
Q

induced lateral load due to gravity load

A

P-DELTA EFFECT

55
Q

axial causing more deflection
know if the structure is stable/unstable

A

P-DELTA EFFECT

56
Q

number of iterations?

A

minimum of 10 iterations
set a limit

57
Q

if iterations are increasing

A

DIVERGENCE (collapse)

58
Q

if iterations are decreasing and approaching to zero

A

CONVERGENCE OF DEFLECTION (STABLE)

59
Q

loads resulting from inaccuracies and imperfections introduced into the structure during its construction

A

NOTIONAL LOAD

STEEL DESIGN (1 decks)

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