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AWS Final Exam > Module 5 - Storage and Databases > Flashcards

Module 5 - Storage and Databases Flashcards

1
Q

Instance stores

A

Provides temporary block-level storage for Amazon EC2 instance.

disk storage physically attached to host computer for EC2 instance - has same lifespan as instance

instance terminated - you lose any data in instance store

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2
Q

Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)

A

service that provides block-level storage volumes that you can use with Amazon EC2 instances.

o Stop/terminate Amazon EC2 instance, all data on attached EBS volume remains available.

o Create EBS volume – define configuration e.g. volume size and type and provision it.

o After you create EBS volume, can attach to Amazon EC2 instance.

o EBS volumes for data that needs to persist – important to back up data.

o Can take incremental backups of EBS volumes by creating Amazon EBS snapshots.

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3
Q

Amazon EBS Snapshots

A

o First backup taken of a volume copies all data.

o Subsequent backups – only blocks of data that have changed since most recent snapshot saved.

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4
Q

Incremental backups different from full backups

A

o All data in a storage volume copies each time backup occurs.

o Full backup includes data that has not changed since most recent backup.

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5
Q

Object storage

A
  • Each object consists of data, metadata, and a key.
  • Data might be image, video, text document, or any other type of file.
  • Metadata contains information about what data is, how it is used, object size, and so on.
  • Object’s key is its unique identifier.
  • When you modify a file in block storage, only the pieces that are changed are updated.

o When a file in object storage is modified, the entire object is updated.

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6
Q

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)

A
  • Service that provides object-level storage.
  • Amazon S3 stores data as objects in buckets.
  • Can upload any type of file to Amazon S3 e.g. images, videos, text files etc.
  • Offers unlimited storage space.
  • Maximum file size for object in Amazon S3 is 5 TB.
  • Upload file to Amazon S3 – can set permissions to control visibility and access to it.
  • Amazon S3 versioning feature to track changes to objects over time.
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7
Q

Amazon S3 Storage Classes

A

S3 Standard

S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA)

S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA)

S3 Intelligent-Tiering

S3 Glacier

S3 Glacier Deep Archive

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8
Q

S3 Standard

A
  • Designed for frequently accessed data.
  • Stores data in a minimum of three Availability Zones.
  • Provides high availability for objects.
  • Good choice for wide range of use cases – websites, content distribution, data analytics.
  • Higher cost than other storage classes intended for infrequently accessed data and archival storage.
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9
Q

S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA)

A
  • Ideal for infrequently accessed data but requires high availability when needed.
  • Similar to S3 Standard but has lower storage price and higher retrieval price.
  • S3 Standard and S3 Standard-IA store data in minimum of three Availability Zones.
  • S3 Standard-IA provides same level of availability as S3 Standard

 lower storage price and higher retrieval price.

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10
Q

S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA)

A
  • Stores data in single Availability Zone.
  • Has lower storage price than S3 Standard-IA.
•	Good storage class to consider if following conditions apply:
o	You want to save costs on storage.

o You can easily reproduce your data in the event of an Availability Zone failure.

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11
Q

S3 Intelligent-Tiering

A
  • Ideal for data with unknown or changing access patterns.
  • Requires small monthly monitoring and automation fee per object.
  • Amazon S3 monitors objects’ access patterns.
  • Haven’t accessed object for 30 consecutive days – Amazon S3 automatically moves it to infrequent access tier: S3 Standard-IA.
  • If you access object in infrequent access tier – Amazon S3 automatically moves it to frequent access tier: S3 Standard.
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12
Q

S3 Glacier

A
  • Low-cost storage designed for data archiving.
  • Able to retrieve objects within few minutes to hours.
  • E.g. store archived customer records, older photos and video files.
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13
Q

S3 Glacier Deep Archive

A

• Lowest-cost object storage class ideal for archiving.

• Able to retrieve objects within 12 hours.
o Deciding between Amazon S3 Glacier and Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive – consider how quickly you need to retrieve archived objects.

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14
Q

File Storage

A
  • Multiple clients e.g. users, applications, servers etc. can access data stored in shared file folders.
  • Storage server uses block storage with local file system to organise files.
  • Clients access data through file paths.
  • File storage ideal for use cases in which large number of services and resources need to access same data at same time.
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15
Q

Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)

A

• Service that enables you to run relational databases in AWS Cloud.

• Managed service that automates tasks e.g. hardware provisioning, database setup, patching, backups.
o Spend less time completing administrative tasks and more time using data to innovate your applications.

• Can integrate Amazon RDS with other services to fulfil business and operational needs.
o E.g. AWS Lambda to query database from serverless application.

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16
Q

Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS)

A

scalable file system used with AWS Cloud services and on-premises resources.

• Add/remove files – Amazon EFS grows and shrinks automatically.
o Can scale on demand to petabytes without disrupting applications.

17
Q

Relational Databases

A
  • Data stored in way that relates it to other pieces of data.
  • Use structured query language (SQL) to store and query data.
  • Approach allows data to be stored in easily understandable, consistent, scalable way.
18
Q

Amazon RDS Database Engines (optimised for memory, performance, input/output (I/O))

A

Supported database engines:

19
Q

Amazon RDS Database Engines (optimised for memory, performance, input/output (I/O))

A 
Supported database engines:
Amazon Aurora
PostgreSQL
MySQL
MariaDB
Oracle Database
Microsoft SQL Server
20
Q

Amazon Aurora

A

• Enterprise-class relational database.
• Compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL relational databases.
• Up to five times faster than standard MySQL databases.
• Up to three times faster than standard PostgreSQL databases.
• Helps reduce database costs by reducing unnecessary input/output (I/O) operations.
o Ensuring database resources remain reliable and available.
• Consider if workloads require high availability.
o Replicates six copies of data across three Availability Zones.
o Continuously backs up data to Amazon S3.

21
Q

Amazon DynamoDB

A
  • Key-value database service.
  • Delivers single-digit millisecond performance at any scale.

• Serverless – do not have to provision, patch or manage servers.
o Do not have to install, maintain or operate software.

  • Automatic scaling:
    • Automatically adjust for changes in capacity while maintaining consistent performance.
    o Suitable choice for use cases that require high performance while scaling.
22
Q

Nonrelational Databases

A

• Create tables.
o Table is place where you can store and query data.
• Sometimes referred to as “NoSQL databases”  use structures other than rows and columns to organise data.
• Type of structural approach: key-value pairs.
o Data organised into items (keys) and items have attributes (values).
o Attributes as being different features of data.
o Can add/remove attributes from items in table at any time.
o Not every item in table has to have same attributes.

23
Q

Amazon Redshift

A
  • Data warehousing service that you can use for big data analytics.
  • Offers ability to collect data from many sources.
  • Helps you to understand relationships and trends across your data.
24
Q

AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)

A

• Enables you to migrate relational databases, nonrelational databases and other types of data stores.
• Move data between source database and target database.
o Source and target databases can be of same type or different types.
o During migration – source database remains operational, reducing downtime for any applications that rely on database.

25
Q

Other Use Cases for AWS DMS

A

• Development and test database migrations.
o Enabling developers to test applications against production data without affecting production users.

• Database consolidation.
o Combining several databases into a single database.

• Continuous replication.
o Sending ongoing copies of your data to other target sources instead of doing a one-time migration.

26
Q

Additional Database Services

A

Amazon DocumentDB

Amazon Neptune

Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (Amazon QLDB)

Amazon Managed Blockchain

Amazon ElastiCache

Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator

27
Q

Amazon DocumentDB

A

o Document database service that supports MongoDB workloads.

o MongoDB – document database program.

28
Q

Amazon Neptune

A

o Graph database service.
o Use to build and run applications that work with highly connected datasets.
o E.g. recommendation engines, fraud detection, knowledge graphs.

29
Q

Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (Amazon QLDB)

A

o Ledger database service.

o Can use to review complete history of all the changes that have been made to your application data.

30
Q

Amazon Managed Blockchain

A

o Service use to create and manage blockchain networks with open-source frameworks.
o Distributed ledger system that lets multiple parties run transactions and share data without central authority.

31
Q

Amazon ElastiCache

A

o Service that adds caching layers on top of your databases to help improve read times of common requests.

o Supports two types of data stores.
 Redis.
 Memcached.

32
Q

Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator

A

o In-memory cache for DynamoDB.

o Helps improve response times from single-digit milliseconds to microseconds.

AWS Final Exam (50 decks)

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