Module 5 - Renal System Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 1

Identify and explain the risk factors, aetiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of AKI

Answer 1

RF: HTN, CVD, COPD, CKD
Aetiology: 1. Pre-renal (e.g. HF, hypotension)
2. Intrarenal (e.g. ATN, AGN, AIN)
3. Post-renal (e.g. Bladder cancer)
Pathophysiology: 3 causes -> hypotension, renal toxicity
and obstruction below kidney ->
decreased renal blood flow,
inflammation and increased tubular
pressure -> decrease glomerular
pressure -> decrease glomerular
filtrations rate
Clinical Manifestations: Uraemia, Oliguria, Malaise,
Weight Loss

Question 2

Identify and explain the risk factors, aetiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of CKD

Answer 2

RF: Heart Disease, Obesity, Family History
Aetiology: Diabetes and HTN
Pathophysiology: Reduced renal function -> decreased fluid and electrolyte homeostasis -> reduced glomerular filtration rate
Clinical Manifestations: Weight Loss, Insomnia and
SOB