Module 5 Principle of Data Ethics & Cyberbullying

Question 1

What are the aims of the two moral theories?

Answer 1

1. Theoretical Aims : To explain what features of actions make them morally right or morally wrong
2. Practical Aims: To offer practical guidance in making morally correct or wrong decisions

Question 2

What are the three types of moral theories?

Answer 2

1. Utilitarianism
   - An action is morally right when it produces at least as much well being as any other action taken.
2. Virtue Ethics
   - An action is morally right when it can be said that a virtuous person would have conducted a similar action
3. Immanuel Kant’s Deontological Ethics
   - An action is morally right when it respects a person rationally and their autonomy . Treat them in a way that does not lower their value

Question 3

What is cyberbullying?

Answer 3

The use of internet devices to inflict psychological harm on a person or a group

Question 4

What are the effects of cyberbullying?

Answer 4

1. Negative Self Esteem
2. Depression and anxiety
3. Difficulty sleeping
4. Headaches and stomachaches
5. Suicidal thoughts and attempts
6. Eating disorders

Question 5

What is article 12 in the UDHR?

Answer 5

Article 12 basically states that everyone has a right to privacy

Question 6

What is whistle blowing and why is whistle blowing important?

Answer 6

Whistle blowing is basically an employee calling out the company for conducting harmful acts.

It is important because in large organisations, it can be difficult to hold people accountable for unethical or illegal acts. Law enforcements are unable to always monitor the internal organisations of a company. Leadership within companies might even try and cover up illegal activities.

Question 7

What are the three conditions required for whistle blowing to be morally permissible

Answer 7

1. The firm will do or has done serious and considerable harm to the employees of the company or to the public
2. Once employees identify a serious threat to the user of a product or to the general public, they should report it immediately to their supervisor and make their moral concern known
3. If the supervisor does nothing, the employee should exhaust all possible internal procedures

Question 8

What are the two additional criteria to make whistle blowing a morally obligatory thing?

Answer 8

1. The whistle blower must have had recorded and documented evidence that would convince a reasonable person that their viewpoint is justified.
2. The whistle blower must have good reasons to believe that by bringing this information to the public, the chance of being exposed is equal to the risk one takes.

Question 9

What are the objections to whistle blowing?

Answer 9

1. Criteria are too stringent
   - Maybe morally permissible to whistle blow even when not all of the first three criteria are met, for example there might not be enough time to fully exhaust all internal reporting procedures.
2. Criteria are not demanding enough
   - It can be morally obligatory to whistle blow even when conditions 4&5 are not met, for example, the employee might not have enough time to gather evidence to convince an impartial observer of the wrongdoings of the company.