Module 5- Physical chemistry and transition elements

Question 1

LATTICE ENTHALPY

Answer 1

THE ENTHALPY CHANGE THAT ACCOMPANIES THE FORMATION OF ONE MOLE OF AN IONIC COMPOUND FROM ITS GASEOUS INONS UNDER STANDARD CONDITIONS

Question 2

HESS’ LAW

Answer 2

STATES THAT IF A REACTION CAN TAKE PLACE BY MORE THAN ONE ROUTE AND THE INITIAL AND FINAL CONDITIONS ARE THE SAME, THE TOALT ENTHALPY CHANGE IS THE SAME FOR EACH ROUTE.

Question 3

STANDARD ENTHALPY CHANGE OF FORMATION

Answer 3

THE ENTHALPY CHANGE THAT TAKES PLACE WHEN ONE MOLE OF A COMPOUND IS FORMED FROM ITS CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS IN THEIR STANDARD STAES UNDER STANDARD CONDITIONS

Question 4

ENTHALPY CHANGE OF ATOMISATION

Answer 4

THE ENTHALPY CHANGE THAT TAKES PLACE WHEN ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS ATOMS FORMS FROM THE ELEMENT IN ITS STANDARD STAE.

Question 5

FIRST IONISATION ENERGY

Answer 5

THE ENTHALPY CHANGE ACCOMPANYING THE REMOVAL OF ONE ELECTRON FROM EACH ATOM IN ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS ATOMS TO FORM ONE MOLE OF GAS 1+ ATOMS

Question 6

SECOND IONISATION ENERGY

Answer 6

THE ENTHALPY CHANGE ACCOMPANYING THE REMOVAL OF ONE ELECTRON FROM EACH ATOM IN ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS 1+ IONS TO FORM ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS 2+ IONS.

Question 7

FIRST ELECTRON AFFINITY

Answer 7

THE ENTHALPY CHANGE ACCOMPANYING THE ADDITION OF ONE ELECTRON TO EACH ATOM IN ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS 1- IONS.

Question 8

SECOND ELECTRON AFFINITY

Answer 8

THE ENTHALPY CHANGE ACCOMPANYING THE ADDITION OF ONE ELECTRO TO EACH ION IN ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS 1- IONS TO FORM ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS 2- IONS.

Question 9

STANDARD ENTHALPY CHANGE OF SOLUTION

Answer 9

THE ENTHALPY CHANGE THAT TAKES PLACE WHEN ONE MOLE OF A COMPOUND IS COMPLETELY DISSOLVED IN WATER UNDER STANDARD CONDITIONS

Question 10

STANDARD ENTHALPY CHANGE OF HYDRATION

Answer 10

THE ENTHALPY CHANGE THAT TAKES PLACE WHEN ONE MOLE OF ISOLATED GASEOUS IONS IS DISSOLVED IN WATER FORMING ONE MOLE OF AQUEOUS IONS UNDER STANDARD CONDITIONS

Question 11

ENTROPY, S

Answer 11

THE QUANTITATIVE MEASURE OF THE DEGREE OF DISORDER IN A SYSTEM

Question 12

FREE ENERGY CHANGE, ∆G

Answer 12

THE BALANCE BETWEEN ENTHALPY, ENTROPY AND TEMPERATURE FOR A PROCESS: ∆G= ∆H-T∆S. A PROCESS CAN TAKE PLACE SPONTANEOUSLY WHEN ∆G<0.

Question 13

STANDARD ELECTRODE POTENTIAL OF A HALF CELL, E°

Answer 13

THE E.M.F. OF A HALF CELL COMPARED WITH A STANDARD HYDROGEN HALF-CELL, MEASURED AT 298K WITH SOLUTION CONCENTRATIONS OF 1mol dm-3 AND A GAS PRESSURE OF 100kPa

Question 14

TRANSITION ELEMENT

Answer 14

A D-BLOCK ELEMENT THAT FORMS AN ION WITH AN INCOMPLETE D SUBSHELL.

Question 15

COMPLEX ION

Answer 15

A TRANSITION METAL ION BONDED TO ONE OR MORE LIGANDS BY COORIDINATE BONDS (DATIVE COVALENT BONDS)

Question 16

LIGAND

Answer 16

A MOLECULE OR ION THAT CAN DONATE A PAIR OF ELECTRONS WITH THE TRANSITION METAL ION TO FORMA COORDINATE BOND

Question 17

COORDINATION NUMBER

Answer 17

THE TOTAL NUMBER OF COORDINATE BONDS FORMED BETWEEN A CENTRAL METAL ION AND ITS LIGANDS

Question 18

STEREOISOMERS

Answer 18

SPECIES WITH THE SAME STRUCTURAL FORMULA BUT WITH A DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS IN SPACE

Question 19

LIGAND SUBSTITUTION

Answer 19

A REACTION IN WHICH ONE LIGAN IN A COMPLEX ION IS REPLACED BY ANOTHER LIGAND

Question 20

OXIDATION

Answer 20

LOSS OF ELECTRONS, INCREASE IN OXIDATION NUMBER

Question 21

REDUCTION

Answer 21

GAIN OF ELECTRONS, DECREASE IN OXIDATION NUMBER.

Question 22

Monodenate ligand

Answer 22

A ligand that is able to donate one pair of electrons to a central metal ion