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NHA Phlebotomy > Module 5 - Nonblood Specimen Collection > Flashcards

Module 5 - Nonblood Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

What specimen is common for diagnostic test? (to topic)

A

Urine

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2
Q

Why is urinalysis often ordered?

A
  1. Low-cost
  2. Low-risk
  3. Can provide valuable information about patient’s condition, ex: glucose or hormone levels
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3
Q

What type of urine tests providers order?

A
  1. Routine
  2. 24-hour
  3. Culture & sensitivity (C&S)
  4. Drug testing
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4
Q

Define culture and sensitivity (C&S) urine test

A

A urine test performed by growing any microorganisms on a urine sample culture to test for urinary tract infections

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5
Q

What are the methods to collecting urine?

A
  1. Random
  2. First morning urine
  3. Fasting
  4. Clean-catch midstream
  5. Catheter
  6. Suprapubic
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6
Q

What is the “random” method?

A

When urine specimen collected at ANY TIME of the day for screening purposes.

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7
Q

Does the “random” method require preparation?

A

No.

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8
Q

What is the “fasting” method?

A

Not eating or drinking anything except water for a period of time, often for 8-12 hours

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9
Q

What is the “clean-catch midstream” method?

A

Performing urine collection w/ cleaned genital area to prevent bacterial contamination.

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10
Q

What is the “first morning urine” method?

A

Urine you void after getting up for the day. For night shift individuals, void is after sleeping during the day.

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11
Q

What is the “catheter” method?

A

a specimen collected by inserting a thin, flexible tube (catheter) into the bladder

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12
Q

What is the “suprapubic” method?

A

a sterile urine sample collected by inserting a needle into the lower abdomen and into the bladder

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13
Q

When a patient is performing a urine collection, what should you do?

A
  1. Provide all helpful information to help patient perform collection properly
  2. Allow patient to ask questions
  3. Repeat information when necessary
  4. Provide written information if patient needs or requests it
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14
Q

When performing urine testing, what PPE do you wear? When should you change them?

A

Wear gloves // change gloves between specimens

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15
Q

When performing urine tests, what should you do to prevent accidental spelling?

A
  1. Perform test on flat surface
  2. Keep specimen as stable as possible
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16
Q

What is the most commonly performed urine test?

A

Random or routine collection

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17
Q

When it is a random or routine collection, it requires no…

A

preparation or time restrictions

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18
Q

For random or routine collection, even though it has no preparation or time restrictions. You should still…

A

Document time of collection

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19
Q

Common instructions of ALL urine specimen collections: Part 1

A
  1. Wash hands before and after handling urine specimens
  2. Wear gloves at all times & change gloves between specimens
  3. Confirm patient identification
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20
Q

Common instructions of ALL urine specimen collections: Part 2

A
  1. Always use a sterile specimen container
  2. Label all specimens on side of the container (not lid)
  3. Label all specimens in front of patient
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21
Q

Common instructions of ALL urine specimen collections: Part 3

A
  1. Promptly test or transport specimens
  2. Dispose of urine per facility guidelines (unless contaminated w/ blood, where it must be disposed as bio-hazard waste)
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22
Q

If urine specimen is contaminated w/ blood, what should you do?

A

Dispose the urine in biohazard waste (though follow facility guideline)

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23
Q

What special urine tests require more detailed collection processes?

A
  1. glucose tolerance test (GTT)
  2. postprandial
  3. 24-hour urine collection
  4. drug testing
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24
Q

What does GTT stand for?

A

Glucose tolerance test

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25
When patient needing GTT, what should you confirm?
Patient has been fasting (usually 12 hours)
26
What two tests should be collected together?
Blood & urine tests
27
Blood and urine collections must occur...
together, usually every 1 or 2 hours
28
When performing blood and specimen collections ensure...
collections are performed on time & time is accurately documented
29
What should you do if specimens are not collected on time?
Document reason & actual time of collection
30
What does a postprandial urine test require?
A patient to void, then eat a meal
31
For a postprandial urine test, urine specimen should be collected after...
2 hours, when patient has digested a prescribed amount of carbohydrates or glucose solution
32
"Prandial" meaning
relating to the eating of food
33
What does patients getting a postprandial urine test eat?
Carbohydrate or glucose solution
34
Why may a patient be receiving a postprandial urine test?
1. monitor effects of a prescribed insulin dosage to see if body is able to process sugar 2. screening tool
35
Why may a patient be monitored for the effects of a insulin dosage in a Postprandial Test?
The patient has diabetes mellitus
36
Define Diabetes Mellitus
A disease in which the body cannot control the sugar glucose due to inability to respond or produce insulin to substantial degree, leading to high blood sugar levels.
37
When performing a urine test that is for drug testing, what is VERY IMPORTANT?
1. Privacy of the patient 2. Accuracy of the results
38
What is the purpose of a urine specimen for a drug test?
To determine what non-prescription drugs a patient has in their system.
39
What may accompany a urine specimen for a drug test?
A chain of custody form.
40
When you have a chain of custody form w/ a urine specimen, what should you confirm?
The form is completely filled out + everyone who handled specimen signed and dated the form
41
What does a clean-catch midstream urine specimen collection require patient to do? How?
Require middle volume of urine collected // BY voiding a small amount of urine into toilet, then beginning collection into container
42
Steps of a clean-catch midstream collection
1. Void small amount of urine into toilet 2. Begin collection into container 3. Stop collecting urine BEFORE urine flow complete by moving the container 4. Then finish voiding into the toilet
43
For culture & sensitivity test, using a clean-catch midstream urine specimen. What other steps should you inform?
1. Use antiseptic wipe to clean genitals before collection
44
Why is antiseptic wipe used before urine collection for a culture & sensitivity?
To prevent contamination from bacteria on the surface of labia or penis.
45
What antiseptic should you not use on patients for culture and sensitivity? Why?
1. Alcohol 2. Peroxide 3. Iodine They are harsh so they can hurt the patient or damage delicate tissue
46
Urine test uses what method?
The reagent strip method
47
What should you ensure during a urine test?
1. Perform test w/ adequate lighting 2. Dispose used reagent strip in a biohazard bag
48
When it comes to a GTT, when they must take the solution. What should you document?
Document when drink was provided to patient & when it was finished
49
How long can a patient drink the solution for a GTT?
Within a 5 minute time frame
50
To help assure test accuracy, always document the exact time, not...
the time the collection was suppose to occur.
51
If time of collection is somewhat off the schedule, try to...
keep it as close to the original schedule as possible
52
Patient finished drinking the glucose solution at 09:04. What time should the phlebotomist document for the time the test started? a. 09:05 b. 09:00 c. 09:10 d. 09:04
D. 09:04
53
For GTT, describe procedure time frame.
1. First sample taken, ex: 0859 2. After 1st sample, patient takes 5 minutes to drink solution (test begins), ex: 0904 3. Second sample an hour later, ex: 1004 4. Third sample an hour later, ex: 1104 5. Fourth sample an hour later, ex: 1204
54
Define sputum test
A collection of fluids from patient's lungs, brachial and trachea brought up by deep coughing
55
What should you instruct your patient to do for sputum specimen?
Take deep breath & cough deeply to spit the sputum into the specimen container.
56
How do you prevent vomiting when collecting a sputum specimen?
Collect the specimen before or several hours after a patient eats to prevent vomiting
57
When is the best time to collect sputum?
In the morning when it has accumulated over the night.
58
Define saliva test
A collection of fluid from patient's oral cavity
59
What is the saliva test used for?
To monitor hormone, drug and alcohol levels
60
Why are semen specimens collected?
To perform sperm counts to help access fertility + prove identity in rape cases
61
What should you instruct patient other than the usual for a semen specimen?
1. Instruct how long to refrain from ejaculation before collection 2. Do not use a condom
62
Why should a condom not be used for collecting semen specimen?
Many condoms contain spermicides, which will affect test results.
63
To ensure accurate test results from a semen specimen, what should you do?
1. Keep specimen warm & protect it from light 2. Specimen should be brought to lab within 2 hours (1 hr preferably) 3. Correctly label specimen
64
Define throat swab
A culture specimen from throat
65
Why is a throat swab used?
Usually to test for strep throat
66
How to perform throat swab collections: Part 1
1. Wash hands before & after test 2. Wear gloves & change between patients 3. Wipe both tonsils, throat, and all areas that look inflamed or infected w/ swab 4. Label all specimens in front of patient 5. Test collection or take to lab promptly
67
When performing a throat swab, how should you stand?
1. Stand to side of patient when performing test 2. Wear a mask to protect yourself from airborne contamination
68
Define buccal swab
Specimen is collected from inside of cheek in mouth
69
Why is a buccal swab done?
To collect a patient's DNA
70
How would you perform a buccal swab?
1. Gently rubbing a sterile swab against the inside of the patient's cheek 2. Place swab in appropriate container 3. Label in front of patient 4. Transport

NHA Phlebotomy (4 decks)

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