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Clin Chem Lec > Module 5- Instrumentation > Flashcards

Module 5- Instrumentation Flashcards

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1
Q

True/False: spectrophotometers are classified as single or double beam

A

True

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2
Q

The relationship between absorption of light bya a solution and the concentration of that solution

A

Beer’s law

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3
Q

Used to measure the light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of the light-absorbing substance in the solution

A

Spectrophotometer

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4
Q

Most common light source for work in the visible ans near-infrared region

A

Incadescent tungsten or tungsten-iodide lamp

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5
Q

Lamps most commonly used for UV work

A

Deuterium-discharge lamp and the mercury-arc lamp

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6
Q

______ minimizes unwanted or stray light

A

Entrance slit

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7
Q

Most common cause of loss of linearity at high-analyte concentration

A

Stray light

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8
Q

Isolates individual wavelengths of light

A

Monochromator

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9
Q

Defines the range of wavelengths transmitted

A

Bandpass

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10
Q

Wedge-shaped pieces of glass, quartz, and sodium chloride

A

Prism

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11
Q

Most commonly used monochromator

A

Diffraction gratings

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12
Q

A monochromator that can split/isolate stray light

A

Filters

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13
Q

Allows only a narrow fraction of the spectrum to reach the sample cuvette

A

Exit slit

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14
Q

True/False: Accurate absorbance measurement requires a bandpass less than 1/4 the natural bandpass of the spectrophotometer

A

False, 1/5 dapat

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15
Q

Holds the solution whose concentration is to be measured

A

Cuvette/sample cell/absorption cell/ analytical cell

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16
Q

Used for applications requiring UV radiation

A

Quartz cuvette

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17
Q

True/False: Cuvette with scratches on their optical surface do not scatter light and should be discarded

A

False, bcs it scatters light

18
Q

Converts the transmitted radiant energy into an equivalent amount of electrical energy

A

Photodetector

19
Q

What are the 4 kinds of photodetector?

A
  1. Barrier layer cell/photocell/photovoltaic cell
  2. Phototube
  3. Photomultiplier tube
  4. Photodiode
20
Q

A photodetector with low sensitivity but high/excellent linearity

A

Photodiode

21
Q

A photodetector with excellent sensitivity and has rapid response; most commonly used detector

A

Photomultiplier tube

22
Q

A photodetector that requires external voltage for operation

A

Phototube

23
Q

______ is a temperature sensitive photodetector

A

Barrier layer cell/ photocell/ photovoltaic cell

24
Q

Most useful as a simultaneous multichannel detector

A

Photodiode

25
Q

Displays output of the detection system

A

Meter or read-out device

26
Q

True/False: atomic absorption spectrophotometry is sensitive and precise

A

True

27
Q

Enumerate the part of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (in sequence)

A
  1. Hollow-cathode lamp
  2. Chopper
  3. Flame
  4. Entrance slit
  5. Monochromator
  6. Exit slit
  7. Detector
  8. Read-out
28
Q

Most common burner

A

Premix long-path burner

29
Q

Enumerate the parts of a basic filter fluoremeter (in sequence)

A
  1. Light/source
  2. Attenuator
  3. Primary filter
  4. Sample holder
  5. Secondary filter
  6. Detector
  7. Read-out
30
Q

Most frequently used sources of excitation radiant energy

A

Gas-discharge lamps (mercury and xenon-arc)

31
Q

True/False: fluorometry increases specificity by selecting the optimal wavelength for both absorption and fluorescence

A

True

32
Q

True/False: AAS is approx. 1000 times more sensitive than most spectrophotometric methods

A

False, it should be fluorometer

33
Q

Modification of electrophoresis

A

Isoelectric focusing

34
Q

Aka liquid-solid chromatography

A

Adsorption chromatography

35
Q

Also referred as liquid chromatography

A

Partition chromatography

36
Q

Uses pressure for fast separations, controlled temp., in-line detectors amd gradient elution techniques

A

Modern liquid chromatography

37
Q

Current ultracentrifugation can spin as much as ___________ per minute

A

150, 000 rotations

38
Q

Mechanization of the steps in a procedure; mimic the manual techniques in an analytical procedure

A

Automation

39
Q

Continuous, single channel;approx. 40 samples per hour

A

First autoanalyzer (AA)

40
Q

Desire to bring the laboratory testing to patient

A

Point-of-care testing

41
Q

Law mandates that all labs must be regulated using the same standards regardless of location, type or size.

A

CLIA ‘88

42
Q

Simple; low risk for incorrect result; performed by trained personnel

A

Waived POCT

Clin Chem Lec (5 decks)

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