Module 5: Communication principles Flashcards
What is the purpose of the OSI physical layer?
The physical layer is responsible for transmitting the actual signals across the physical media as bits. Exchanging frames, controlling media access, and performing error detection are all functions of the data link layer.
Define network protocols.
Network protocols are implemented in hardware, or software, or both. They interact with each other within different layers of a protocol stack. Protocols have nothing to do with the installation of the network equipment. Network protocols are required to exchange information between source and destination devices in both local and remote networks.
What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP is a protocol stack that contains a lot of other protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and DNS. The TCP/IP protocol stack is required to be used when communicating on the internet.
What is a MAC?
A MAC address is an address that is burned into an Ethernet network card. OSI is the 7 layer model that is used to explain how networking works.
What networking term describes a particular set of rules at one layer that govern communication at that layer?
A protocol dictates how a message is formatted and sets the rules for specific parts of the communication process.
Which layer of the OSI model defines services to segment and reassemble data for individual communications between end devices?
The OSI model consists of seven layers: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical.
The transport layer defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices.
What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?
Protocols provide rules that define how a message is transmitted across a network. Implementation requirements such as electronic and bandwidth details for data communication are specified by standards. Operating systems are not specified by protocols, but will implement protocols. Protocols determine how and when to send a message but they do not control the contents of a message.
Which term refers to the set of rules that define how a network operates?
Standards ensure that different devices connecting to the network are able to communicate with each other. In networking there are many standards that define how the network should operate and that all components implement the same protocols.
Which three layers of the OSI model make up the application layer of the TCP/IP model?
The top three layers of the OSI model, session, presentation, and application, map to the single top application layer of the TCP/IP model.
Which organization publishes and manages the Request for Comments (RFC) documents?
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) organization publishes and manages the Request for Comments (RFC).
Which two OSI model layers have the same functionality as a single layer of the TCP/IP model?
The OSI data link and physical layers together are equivalent to the TCP/IP network access layer. The OSI transport layer is functionally equivalent to the TCP/IP transport layer, and the OSI network layer is equivalent to the TCP/IP internet layer. The OSI application, presentation, and session layers are functionally equivalent to the application layer within the TCP/IP model.
What are the layers of the TCP/IP model?
Application: Represents data to the user, plus dialog control.
Transport: Supports communication between devices across diverse networks.
Internet: Determines the best path through the network.
Network access: Controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network.
What are the layers of the OSI model?
7 - Application: The application layer contains the protocols used for process-to-process communications
6 - Presentation: The presentation layer provides for common representation of data transferred between application layer services
5 - Session: The session layer provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange.
4 - Transport: The transport layer defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between end devices.
3 - Network: The network layer provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices.
2 - The data link layer protocols describe methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media.
1 - Physical: The physical layer protocols describe mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to activate, maintain, and de-activate physical connections for a bit transmission to and from a network device.
