Module 5: Cardiac Physiology Flashcards
List the 5 functions of the circulatory system
- Gas exchange
- Nutrient and Water delivery and absorption
- Removal of head and metabolic waste
- Immunity and defence
- Cell communication
T/F
The circulatory system is a closed loop system
True
How is blood both serial and parallel?
System as a whole is serial
Systemic circulation is parallel
Describe series flow (in terms of electrons)
Electrons can only flow down one path in a clockwise direction
Describe parallel flow (in terms of electrons)
Electrons can flow down many paths in a counter clockwise direction, but can flow down intermediate pathways
The septum of the heart does what?
Separates the left and ride sides of the heart
The heart consists of how many pumps?
2
Each pump is divided into how many chambers? what are they called?
- An upper chamber: the atrium. And a lower chamber: the ventricle
T/F
Veins only carries deoxygenated blood
False!
It carries blood TOWARDs the heart
See the pulmonary vein for example
Describe the flow of blood throughout the body
- O2 rich blood is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta
- O2 rich blood is delivered to the tissues and organs
- nutrients are removed from the blood while waste is added into the blood
- oxygen poor blood circulated into the veins and into the right atria via the vena cavae
- Blood is pumped into the right ventricle then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs
- CO2 is removed form blood and O2 is added back
- O2 rich blood flows through pulmonary vein into left atria where it is pumped into the left ventricle
When there is greater pressure behind a cardiac valve, what happens?
It opens
When there is greater pressure in front of a cardiac valve, what happens?
It closes
Where is the atrioventricular valve located?
Between the atria and ventricles
To prevent inversion of the valves, what are they connected to?
The papillary muscles of the ventricular walls via the chordae tendinae
The right AV valve is also called what?
The tricuspid valve
The left AV valve is also known as what?
The bicuspid valve and mitral valve
Where are the semilunar valves located?
Between the ventricles and arteries that leave them
Where is the pulmonary valve lcoated?
Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Where is the aortic valve located?
Between the left ventricle and the aorta
T/F
Semilunar valves contain chordae tendinae to prevent inversion
False
Inversion is prevented solely on their shape
Valvular heart disease (VHD) is the dysfunction of what?
The valves in the heart
VHD arises in which two forms
Either regurgitation or stenosis
What characterizes regurgitation
Occurs when a valve does not close properly
Describe regurgitation
Valves do not close properly leading blood flowing back into the compartment in which is came from. Can occur in any of the 4 valves