Module 5-8 Flashcards
Ways to prevent cancer?
Teach warning signs of cancer, modifications of risk factors, regular screenings and removal of at risk tissues.
What are some prevention screenings for cancer?
Colonoscopy, mammography, digital rectal exam, fecal occult blood testing, pap smear, pelvic exam, breast self-exam, testicular self exam
What are the warning signs of cancer?
C -change in bowel pattern A- a sore does not heal U- unusual bleeding T- Thickening of breast, testicle, skin I- indigestion O- obvious change in mole N- Nagging cough
What are the stages of cancer?
Stage 0= carcinoma in situ Stage 1= local tumor growth Stage 2= limited spreading Stage 3= regional spreading Stage 4= metastasis to other organs
What is the management of cancer goals?
Cure- no disease
Control- control cancer cell growth.
Palliation- pain control and relief of symptoms.
What are the treatment options for cancer?
Surgery, chemo, radiation, biologic response modeifiers, bone marrow transplant, stem cell transplant, gene therapy
What are the components of Radiation Therapy?
Effects only local tissue area
Teletherapy: radiation source external to patient.
Brachytherapy: “short” or “ close” therapy with radiation source in direct contact with tumor for a specific time.
Immediate and long-term side effects limited to the tissues exposed.
What are the side effects of radiation therapy?
Hair loss
Xerostomia, stomatitis, altered taste, tooth decay
Fatigue
Fractures
N/V, anorexia, esophageal irritation, chest pain, dysphagia, diarrhea
Bone marrow suppression
Cystitis, UTIs, sterility
What is the nursing care for radiation therapy?
Don’t remove skin markings
Avoid direct exposure to sun.
Oral care
Antidiarrheals, sitz bath, low residue diet.
Premedicate with antiemetics, light meal before treatment
Psychosocial support: address fear, anxiety, prayer
What are the precautions for nurse during radiation?
Time distance, shields for all exposed to radiation therapy.
Minimal time in direct contact with client
Shielding devices, radition badge
Private room
No pregnant staff of visitors.
Proper handling of body fluids.
What are the components of chemotherapy?
Treats cancer systemically
Rapid growing cells sensitive to chemo. Ex. skin, hair, intestinal tissues, sperm, and blood-forming cells.
One treatment/week for several weeks.
Different agents work at different levels of cell cycle
Combination of agents most effective.
What are the side effects of chemo?
Bone marrow suppression Alopecia Mucositis, stomatitis entire GI tract. N/V, diarrhea, paralytic ileus Anxiety, sleep disturbance, sterility Changes in cognitive function Nephrotoxicity, hyperkalemia Hemorrgiccystitis Heart failure, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, hypocalcemia Peripheral neuropathy
What are the nursing care for patient with Chemo for nausea/vomitting and stomatitis, mucositis, ulcers?
Nausea/vomitting= antiemetics, adjust diet, prevent unpleasant sight/ odors, hydrate(oral fluids, ice chips, oral hygiene, distraction, relaxation, small frequent meals, bland diet, avoid caffeine.
Stomatitis, mucositis, ulcers= avoid alcohol-based mouthwash, soft toothbrush, avoid spicy foods, use lip lubricant, remove dentures, no flossing, no food with sharp edges. Soft, pureed diet, liquid diet. Pain relief-topical agents.
What are the nursing care for patient with Chemo for alopecia?
Alopecia= explore impact on self image. Cut hair, obtain wigs, scarves. Mild shampoo, no curling irons, hair dryers, no chemical products.
What are the nursing care for patient with Chemo for infection and anemia?
Bone marrow suppression= no crowds, good hygiene, no fresh flowers, reverse isolation. Monitor temperature, urine for UTI, wounds, cuts, cough. Wash dishes thoroughly, don’t change cat litter, no garden work. Diet- no fresh fruits/vegetables, undercooked meat, no salad.
Anemia- fatigue, PRBCs
What are the nursing care for patient with Chemo for thrombocytopenia?
Avoid IM injections, test urine/stool for blood, observe IV sites for bleeding. Avoid rectal trauma, use electric razor, soft-bristled toothbrush, no flossing, no hard foods, well-fitting dentures, no dental extractions, noncontact sports, wear shoes.
