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AHA > Module 5-8 > Flashcards

Module 5-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal heart sounds are?

A

S1 and S2

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2
Q

S1 First heart sound happens when …?

A

closure of the semi-Lunar valves singling the begining of systole

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3
Q

S2 Second heart sound happens when … ?

A

Closure of semi lunar valves signals end of systole

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4
Q

Health History regarding heart

A
  • Chest pain?
  • Dyspnea ( trouble breathing)
  • Orthopnea (trouble breathing while laying flat
  • cough, fatigue, edema, nocturia
  • Cynosis or pallor
  • CArdiac history
  • Family history
  • Personal habits
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5
Q

Pulses and Locations

A

Radial ( outside wrist)
Ulnar( Inside wrist)
Brachial ( inside elbow)

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6
Q

What questions do you ask with chest pain ? ( 6 )

A
  • Do you have any ?
  • How would you describe it?
  • How is it brought on?
  • Any other symptoms that occur with it ?
  • Does anything make the pain worse ?
  • What brings you relief ?
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7
Q

What questions do you ask with Dyspnea (7)

A
  • Do you have Shortness of Breath?
  • What type of activity and how long brings on SOB ?
  • Does it come on unexpectedly?
  • Is it constant?
  • Does position effect it?
  • Does it wake you up at night ?
  • Does it effect daily living ?
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8
Q

What questions do you ask it Orthopnea (1)

A
  • How many pillows do you use when laying down or sleeping ?
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9
Q

What questions do you ask with Cough (7)

A

Do you have one?

  • How long have you had it ?
  • Is it related to a time of day ?
  • what type of cough?
  • Does it happen more with activity?
  • does rest or medication relieve it ?
  • Do you cough up muscos ?
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10
Q

What questions do you ask with Fatigue?(3)

A
  • Do you seem to tire easily ?
  • When did the fatigue start ?
  • Related to time of day ?
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11
Q

Questions regarding cyanosis or pallor (1)

A

Do you every notice your facial skin turning blue or ashen ?

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12
Q

What questions do you ask in regard to edema ?

A
  • Any selling in feet or legs?
  • when did you first notice it?
  • Any recent change?
  • what time of day does the swelling occur?
  • how much would you say there is?
  • does it go away with rest?
  • Are both legs equal ?
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13
Q

What questions do you ask in regards to Nocturia?

A

Do you wake up at night with the urge to urinate ?

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14
Q

What questions do you ask in regards to Cardiac history ?

A
  • History of hypertension?
  • high cholesterol?
  • ever had heart disease?
  • ever had a heart attack?
  • most recent ECG
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15
Q

What area would i auscultate the aortic valve?

A

Second right interspace

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16
Q

What area would i auscultate the pulmonic valve

A

Second left interspace

17
Q

What area would I auscultate the tricuspid valve

A

Fifth intercostal space left lower sternal boarder.

18
Q

What area would I auscultate for the mitral valve

A

Fifth interspace left midclavicular line.

19
Q

Describe how to inspect and palpate the apical pulse

A
  • Inspect whether you are able to see the apical impulse in the fourth or fifth intercostal space.
  • located the apical pulse by using 1 finger pad, ask patient to exhale and hold it or roll patient over to the left to find it
20
Q

Describe how to palpate the precordium

A

Use palmar aspects of 4 fingers
palpate over apex, left sternal border, and base.

search for any other pulsations, if their are any note timing.

21
Q

What is a pulse Deficit why is it significant?

A

Occurs when there are fewer pulses then there are heartbeats
this signals weak contractions of the ventricles

usually occurs with arterial fibrillation, premature beats and heart failure.

22
Q

Unilateral distention of the jugular vein

A

Local cause like kinking or aneurysm

23
Q

Full distended external jugular vein

A

above 45 degrees warn of increased CVP as with heart failure.

24
Q

Apical Pulse is found where?

A

fourth or fifth left intercostal space in or at the midclavicular line

25
Q

Where do I find the carotid pulse?

A

groove between the trachea and the sternomastoid muscle

26
Q

Where do i find the femoral pulse?

A

half way between the pubis and anterior superior iliac spines

27
Q

Where do I find the popliteal pulse?

A

Found in the popliteal fossa

28
Q

Where do I find the dorsals pedis?

A

lateral and parralel with the extensor tendon of the big toe.

29
Q

Where do I find the Posterior tibial pulse?

A

behind the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon.

30
Q

Edema Rating Scale

A

1+ Mild Edema slight indentation
2+ Moderate pitting, indentation subsides quickly
3+ Deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, swelling of the leg.
4+ Very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, gross swelling and distortion of legs.

31
Q

Abnormal heart sounds.

A

Murmurs

Pericardial friction rub

32
Q

4 Characteristics of heart sounds?

A

Frquency : pitch
Intensity : How loud
Duration
Timing

AHA (6 decks)

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