Module 5 - 7 Flashcards
All information in a computer is stored and manipulated in the form of what?
Binary
They can be found at the heart of every digital computer and are one of the most important parts of a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
Arithmetic unit or ALU
It is a small amount of storage available as part of a CPU.
Register
These are used to manipulate binary numbers since there are only two possible states of a switch: open or closed.
Transistor switches
It provides further information about the status of a result: if it is zero, if there is a carry out, or if an overflow has occurred.
Flags
ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit
CPU
Central processing unit
FPU
Floating - point unit
GPU
Graphics processing unit
MAR
Memory address register
MBR
Memory Buffer Register
I/O AR
I/O address Register
I/O I3R
I/O Buffer Register
PC
Program Counter
IR
Instruction Register
FILO
First in and Last out
MDR
Memory Data Register
It is basically a storage space for units of memory that are used to transfer data for immediate use by the CPU (Central Processing Unit) for data processing.
Register
It is used to indicate occurrence of a certain condition during an operation of the CPU.
Flag Register
It stores data values fetched from main memory in the accumulator for arithmetic or logical operation.
Accumulator Register
It is located inside the ALU, It is used during arithmetic & logical operations of ALU.
Accumulator Register
Program Counter register is also known as
Instruction Pointer Register
It is used for exchanging data between the I/O module and the processor.
I/O Buffer Register (I/O I3R)
This register holds the address of memory where CPU wants to read or write data.
Memory Address Register (MAR)
This register holds the contents of data or instruction read from, or written in memory.
Memory Buffer Register (MBR)
it’s used to store the data that will be stored or will be fetched from the computer memory
Memory Data Register (MDR)
it’s to act as a buffer as it can store anything that can be copied from the computer memory and can be used by the processor for further operations.
Memory Data Register (MDR)
a set of memory blocks; the data is stored in and retrieved from these blocks in an order
Stack control Register
This register holds the initial data to be operated upon, the intermediate results, and the final result of operation.
Accumulator Register
The control unit takes instruction from this register, decodes and executes it by sending signals to the appropriate component of computer to carry out the task.
Instruction Register (IR)
It’s used to specify the address of a particular I/O device.
I/O Address Register
This register is used to store the address of the next instruction to be fetched for execution.
Program Counter (PC)
it’s a register in a computer processor that contains the address (location) of the instruction being executed at the current time.
Program Counter (PC)
It transfers data from external devices to processor and memory, and vice versa. It contains internal buffers for temporarily holding this data until it can be sent on.
I/O module
It’s a temporary storage area built into a CPU
Register
It’s a component of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU)
Control unit
The simplest computers use a multicycle microarchitecture
Multicycle Control unit
the control unit often steps through the Von Neumann Cycle: Fetch the instruction, Fetch the operands, do the instruction, write the results
Multicycle computer
typically use both the rising and falling edges of their square-wave timing clock
Multicycle Control Unit
instructions flow through the computer
Pipelined Computer unit
the control unit arranges for the flow to start, continue, and stop as a program commands.
Pipelined Computer unit
translate each single instruction into a sequence of simpler instructions
Translating Control Units
Many modem computers have controls that minimize power usage. In battery-powered computers, such as those in cell-phones, the advantage is longer battery life,
Control units for low-powered computers
Implemented through use of combinational logic units, featuring a finite number of gates
Hardwired Control Unit
the control signals that are important for instruction execution control are generated by specially designed hardware logical circuits
Hardwired Control Unit
The idea of microprogramming was introduced by _____ in 1951
Maurice Wilkes
______ were organized as a sequence of microinstructions and stored in special control memory
Microprograms
Subsequent instruction words are fetched into the instruction register in a normal way.
microprogrammed control units
A process that continually fetches instructions from a memory store, decodes them into operations and executes them to perform a calculation
Fetch - decodes - execute
The part of a computational machine that contains the machine instructions or data for performing general purpose calculations.
Memory Unit
Perform by a memory unit
Fetch
Perform by a Control Unit
Decode
Perform by a arithmetic unit
Execute
It also decodes instructions and makes sure the correct system operations are consequently performed
Control Unit
An ______ is a hardware subsystem that performs arithmetic operations on binary inputs.
arithmetic unit
