Module 5 Flashcards
the presence or absence of disease
Health
as a state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent
Florence Nightingale
● an eminent American sociologist and creator of the concept “sick role,”
● conceptualized health as the ability to maintain normal roles.
Talcott Parsons
Health is not a condition; it is an adjustment. It is not a state but a process. The process adapts the individual not only to our physical but also our social environments
U.S. Pre. Commission on Health Needs of the Nation
“Health and illness are human experiences. The presence of illness does not preclude health, nor does optimal health preclude illness”
American Nurses Association
PERSONAL DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH
a. Being free from symptoms of disease and pain as much as possible
b. Being able to be active and to do what they want or must
c. Being in good spirits most of the time.
● is not the same as disease
● An individual could have a disease and not feel ill.
● Similarly a person can feel ill, that is, feel uncomfortable, and yet have no discernible disease.
● is highly subjective; only the individual person can say he or she is ill.
● is usually associated with disease but may occur independently of it.
● is a highly personal state in which the person feels unhealthy or ill.
A highly personal state in which the individual’s physical, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished.
Illness
alters body functions and results in a reduction of capacities or a shortened life span.
Disease
2 Classifications of Illness
Chronic and acute illness
✓ typically characterized by symptoms of relatively short duration
✓ symptoms often appear abruptly and subside quickly and, depending on the cause
✓ may or may not require intervention by health care professionals.
Acute Illness
● that lasts for an extended period, usually 6 months or longer
● have a slow onset and often have periods of remission (when the symptoms disappear) and exacerbation (when the symptoms reappear)
Chronic Illness
● A state of well-being
● Describes a healthy lifestyle beyond acute illness
● Refers to a state of physical health which people have the ability & energy to do what they want to do in life without chronic suffering
● is an active, seven-dimensional process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a higher level of well-being
Wellness
seven dimensions of wellness
(1) physical
(2) social
(3) emotional
(4) intellectual,
(5) spiritual
(6) occupational
(7) environmental dimensions.
● a subjective perception of vitality and feeling well
● can be described, experienced, and measured . . .and can be plotted on a continuum ● It is a component of health.
● Experience of health, happiness and prosperity.
Well-being
5 Elements of Well-Being
- Career Well-being
- Physical Well-being
- Community Well-being
- Financial Well-being
- Social Well-being
5 ASPECTS OF WELLNESS
- Self-responsibility
- An ultimate goal
- A dynamic, growing process
- Daily decision-making in areas related to health 5. Whole being of the individual
● Ability to carry out daily tasks
● Achieve fitness
● Maintain nutrition
● Avoid abuses
Physical
● Interact successfully
● Develop and maintain intimacy
● Develop respect and tolerance for others
Social
● Ability to manage stress
● Ability to express emotion
Emotional
● Ability to learn
● Ability to use information effectively
Intellectual
● Belief in some force that serves to unite
Spiritual
● Ability to achieve balance between work and leisure
Occupational
● Ability to promote health measure that improves
● Standard of living
● Quality of life
Environmental
MODELS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS
Clinical
Role Performance
Adaptive
Eudemonistic
Agent-Environmental
Health-Illness Continuum
o The narrowest interpretation of health o People are viewed as physiological systems with related functions, and health is identified by the absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury. It is considered the state of not being “sick.”
o In this model, the opposite of health is disease or injury.
Clinical
o In this model, people who can fulfill their roles are healthy even if they have clinical illness.
o In this model, sickness is the inability to perform one’s work role.
Role Performance
● Health is a creative process; disease is a failure in adaptation, or maladaptation. ● Extreme good health is flexible adaptation to the environment and interaction with the environment to maximum advantage.
● The Roy adaptation model of nursing views the person as an adaptive system.
● The focus of this model is stability, although there is also an element of growth and change.
Adaptive
● Health is seen as a condition of actualization or realization of a person’s potential.
● Actualization is the apex of the fully developed personality
● this model: highest aspiration of people is fulfillment and complete development, which is actualization. Illness, in this model, is a condition that prevents self-actualization
Eudemonistic
✓ illness, also called the ecologic model
✓ used primarily in predicting illness rather than in promoting wellness, although identification of risk factors that result from the interactions of agent, host, and environment are helpful in promoting and maintaining health.
✓ Because each of the agenthost–environment factors constantly interacts with the others, health is an everchanging state.
✓ When the variables are in balance, health is maintained; when the variables are not in balance, disease occurs.
Agent-Environmental
used to measure a person’s perceived level of wellness
Health-Illness Continuum
INTERNAL VARIABLES INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS, BELIEFS, AND PRACTICE
Biologic, Psychological , and Cognitive Dimension
EXTERNAL VARIABLES INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS, BELIEFS, AND PRACTICE
a. Physical Environment
b. Standard of Living
c. Family and Cultural Beliefs
d. Social Support and Networks
PARSON’S FOUR ASPECTS OF THE SICK ROLE
RIGHTS:
1. Clients are not held responsible for their condition
2. Clients are not excused from certain social roles and tasks
OBLIGATIONS:
3. Clients are obligated to try to get well as quickly as possible
4. Clients or their families are obligated to seek competent help
FIVE STAGES OF ILLNESS
- SYMPTOM EXPERIENCES
- ASSUMPTION OF THE SICK ROLE
- MEDICAL CARE CONTACT
- DEPENDENT CLIENT ROLE
- RECOVERY OR REHABILITATION
Biological Dimension
✓ Genetic makeup
✓ Gender
✓ Age
✓ Developmental level
Psychological Dimension
✓ Mind-body interactions
✓ Self-concept
Cognitive Dimension
✓ Intellectual factors:
1. Lifestyle choices
2. Spiritual and religious beliefs
State of health of an individual at a given time.
Health Status
Concepts about healththat an individual believes are true
Health Beliefs
The actions individuals take to understand their health state, maintain an optimal state of health, prevent illness and injury and reach their maximum physical and mental potential
Health Behaviors
